Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher algorithm that creates plain text in blocks of 64 bits and transform them to ciphertext using keys of 48 bits. It is a symmetric key algorithm, which defines that the similar key is used for encrypting and decrypting information.DES takes a 64-bit plaintext and produce a 64-bit ciphertext; at the decryption site, DES takes a 64-bit ciphertext and produce a 64-bit block of plaintext. The same 56-bit cipher key can be used for both encryption and decryption.The key nature of DES is that the algorithms is fixed and is public data. However, ... Read More

There are various attacks on DES which are as follows −Differential Cryptanalysis − The main objective of differential cryptanalysis is to view for statistical distributions and patterns in ciphertext to provide deduce element about the key used in the cipher.Differential cryptanalysis is a section of study in cryptography that compares the method differences in input associated to the differences in encrypted output. It can be used basically in the study of block ciphers to decide if changes in plaintext result in any non-random outcomes in the encrypted ciphertext.Related-Key Cryptanalysis − Related-key cryptanalysis consider that the attacker understand the encryption of ... Read More

The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) was invented by the National Security Agency (NSA) and published in 1993 through the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS PUB 180).SHA depends on and shares the similar building blocks as the MD4 algorithm. The design of SHA introduced a new process which develop the 16-word message block input to the compression function to an 80-word block between other things.The processing of SHA works as follows −Step 1 − Append padding bits − The original message is padded and its duration is congruent to 448 modulo ... Read More

DES is a strong encryption standard that works on a 64-bits plaintext block and restore a 64-bits ciphertext. Therefore, DES results in a permutation between the 264 possible arrangements of 64 bits, each of which can be either 0 or 1.DES has 16 rounds and it can use the same set of techniques on the plaintext block 16 times. Any round less can create DES vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis.In Data Encryption Standard, the 64 bit plaintext block is subjected to an initial permutation which does not based on the key, whereas the inverse of this permutation completed off the algorithm and ... Read More

SHA stands for secure hashing algorithm. SHA is a modified version of MD5 and used for hashing information and certificates. A hashing algorithm shortens the input information into a smaller form that cannot be learned by utilizing bitwise operations, modular additions, and compression functions.SHAs also help in revealing if an original message was transformed in any way. By imputing the original hash digest, a user can tell if even an individual letter has been shifted, as the hash digests will be effectively different.The important element of SHAs are that they are deterministic. This define that consider the hash function used ... Read More

DES stands for Data Encryption Standard. The Data Encryption Standards (DES) algorithm was invented by IBM in the early 1970s. It obtain the plaintext in 64-bit blocks and changes it into the ciphertext that need the 64-bit keys to encrypt the information. The algorithm need the similar key to encrypt and decrypt the information.DES is a symmetric key algorithm used to encrypt digital data. Its short key length of 56 bits renders DES too insecure to secure most current applications that is based on encryption.DES uses block cipher technology to change fixed-length bitstrings into same-sized, encrypted bitstrings. While the standard ... Read More

There are various types of keys are as follows −Symmetric key −A symmetric key is one that can be used both to encrypt and decrypt information. This can define that to decrypt information, one should have the same key that was used to encrypt it.Symmetric encryption is generally more effective than asymmetric encryption and thus preferred when large amounts of information need to be exchanged. Asymmetric key − Asymmetric encryption is a type of encryption that required two separates yet mathematically related keys to encrypt and decrypt data. The public key encrypts information while its correlating private key decrypts it.Asymmetric key ... Read More

Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher algorithm that creates plain text in blocks of 64 bits and transform them to ciphertext utilizing keys of 48 bits. It is a symmetric key algorithm, which defines that the similar key is used for encrypting and decrypting information.The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key block cipher invented by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In 1973, NIST invented a request for suggestion for a national symmetric-key cryptosystem.A scheme from IBM, a modification of a project known as Lucifer, and was approved as DES. DES was invented in the ... Read More

Key management define as managing cryptographic keys within a cryptosystem. It can manage with generating, exchanging, saving, using and replacing keys as required at the user level.A key management system will also contains key servers, user process and protocols, including cryptographic protocol design. The security of the cryptosystem is based upon successful key management.Cryptographic keys play an essential role in protecting sensitive data, avoiding data breaches, and understanding with regulations. Unfortunately, a lost or stolen key can lead to costly losses of systems and information, which is each security-aware company should provide strong key management protocols.Encryption key management is a ... Read More

Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher algorithm that creates plain text in blocks of 64 bits and transform them to ciphertext using keys of 48 bits. It is a symmetric key algorithm, which defines that the similar key can be used for encrypting and decrypting information.The encryption phase is create of two permutations (P-boxes), which it can define initial and final permutations, and 16 Feistel rounds. Each round need a particular 48- bit round key created from the cipher key in accordance with a definite algorithm.The elements of DES cipher at the encryption site is as follows −Initial ... Read More