Articles on Trending Technologies

Technical articles with clear explanations and examples

Future of RDBMS

Amit Diwan
Amit Diwan
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 864 Views

While Big Data and NoSQL databases have become popular choices for modern data solutions, the crucial features of RDBMS ensure it remains relevant and widely used. RDBMS is designed to handle structured data with ACID compliance, making it indispensable for applications requiring data integrity and consistency. Why RDBMS Still Matters The RDBMS market continues to grow with approximately 9% annual growth, as reported by Gartner. Although a massive volume of the world's data has been produced in recent years, most business-critical data remains structured − financial records, customer information, inventory, and transactions − all of which are best ...

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Difference between an SAP ERP system and DBMS

Samual Sam
Samual Sam
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 3K+ Views

A DBMS (Database Management System) and an SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system serve different purposes. A DBMS manages data storage and retrieval, while an ERP is a complete business application suite that uses a DBMS as one of its components. What is DBMS? A DBMS is a tool or interface used to create, manage, and query databases. Examples include SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL. A DBMS handles data storage, retrieval, indexing, security, and backup. It is mainly designed for and used by technical people like database administrators and developers. What is ERP? ERP (Enterprise ...

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How do you convert an ArrayList to an array in Java?

Mahesh Parahar
Mahesh Parahar
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 744 Views

An ArrayList provides two toArray() methods to convert it into an array − one returns an Object[] array, and the other returns a typed array. Method 1: toArray() (Returns Object[]) Object[] toArray() Returns an array containing all elements in proper sequence. The returned array type is Object[], so casting is needed to use specific types. Method 2: toArray(T[]) (Returns Typed Array) T[] toArray(T[] a) Returns a typed array containing all elements. Pass an empty array of the desired type and Java allocates the correct size. This is the preferred ...

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Matrix Representation of Graphs

Mahesh Parahar
Mahesh Parahar
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 15K+ Views

A graph can be represented using an Adjacency Matrix, which is a 2D array that stores the connection information between vertices. Adjacency Matrix An Adjacency Matrix A[V][V] is a 2D array of size V × V where V is the number of vertices in the graph. For an undirected graph, if there is an edge between Vx and Vy, then A[Vx][Vy] = 1 and A[Vy][Vx] = 1 (symmetric matrix). For a directed graph, if there is an edge from Vx to Vy, then only A[Vx][Vy] = 1. Otherwise the value is 0. Adjacency Matrix of an Undirected ...

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How do I add an element to an array list in Java?

Mahesh Parahar
Mahesh Parahar
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 934 Views

We can add elements to an ArrayList easily using its add() method. The method appends the specified element to the end of the list, or inserts it at a specific index. Syntax boolean add(E e) void add(int index, E element) The first form appends the element to the end. The second form inserts the element at the specified index, shifting existing elements to the right. Example The following example shows how to add elements to an ArrayList using both forms of the add() method ? import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public ...

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Difference between ArrayBlockingQueue and LinkedBlockingQueue

Mahesh Parahar
Mahesh Parahar
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 551 Views

ArrayBlockingQueue and LinkedBlockingQueue both implement the BlockingQueue interface from the java.util.concurrent package. Both store elements in FIFO order, are thread-safe, and do not accept null elements. They differ in their internal data structure, capacity behavior, and locking mechanism. ArrayBlockingQueue ArrayBlockingQueue is backed by a fixed-size array. Once created, the capacity cannot be changed. It uses a single lock with two conditions (notEmpty and notFull) for both put and take operations, meaning producers and consumers cannot operate concurrently. LinkedBlockingQueue LinkedBlockingQueue is backed by linked nodes. It is optionally bounded − if no capacity is specified, it defaults ...

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Difference between grep and fgrep command

Mahesh Parahar
Mahesh Parahar
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 865 Views

Both grep and fgrep are Linux commands used to search for strings in files, directories, or command output. The key difference is that grep supports regular expressions, while fgrep treats the search pattern as a fixed (literal) string. grep (Global Regular Expression Print) grep searches for strings or regular expressions in files. It interprets special characters like ., *, ^, $, [ ] as regex metacharacters. It uses the Boyer-Moore algorithm for fast searching. fgrep (Fixed grep / grep -F) fgrep (equivalent to grep -F) searches for fixed strings only. It does not recognize regular expressions ...

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Difference between strncmp() and strcmp() in C/C++

George John
George John
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 2K+ Views

Both strncmp() and strcmp() are used in C/C++ programs for lexicographical string comparison. The strcmp() compares two strings till the null character is found, whereas strncmp() only compares a specified number of characters. What is strncmp() ? The function strncmp() is used to compare left string to right string up to a number. It works same as strcmp(). It returns a value greater than zero when the matching character of left string has greater ASCII value than the character of the right string. Returns a value less than zero when the matching character of left string has lesser ASCII value ...

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Difference between the Ternary operator and Null coalescing operator in php

Mahesh Parahar
Mahesh Parahar
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 536 Views

In PHP, the ternary operator (?:) and the null coalescing operator (??) are both shorthand for conditional expressions. The ternary operator evaluates a condition and returns one of two values, while the null coalescing operator specifically checks if a variable is set and not null. Ternary Operator (?:) The ternary operator replaces if-else statements into a single expression − Syntax: (condition) ? expression1 : expression2; Equivalent: if (condition) { return expression1; } else { return expression2; } If the condition is true, it returns expression1; ...

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Difference between AngularJS and Angular.

Mahesh Parahar
Mahesh Parahar
Updated on 14-Mar-2026 3K+ Views

AngularJS (version 1.x) and Angular (version 2+) are both open-source front-end frameworks developed by Google for building web applications. Despite sharing a name, Angular is a complete rewrite of AngularJS with a fundamentally different architecture, language, and design philosophy. AngularJS AngularJS is a JavaScript-based framework mainly used to develop single-page applications. It extends static HTML into dynamic HTML using directives and follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) design pattern. AngularJS reached end-of-life in December 2021. Angular Angular (version 2 and above) is a complete rewrite of AngularJS, built with TypeScript. It uses a component-based architecture, has Angular CLI ...

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