Python provides us with a variety of tools as well as libraries that help us work with the foundations of probability. Probability has a wide scale use case from AI content detection to card games. The random module is often used for probability related problem statements. This combined with libraries like numpy and scipy (and matplotlib and seaborn for visualization) can be of great advantage when the data is large scale and mainly in the form of csv files. Probability problem statements can further be clubbed with statistics to gain more insights. It doesn’t matter if you are a beginner ... Read More

Probability deals with the study of random events as well as their outcomes. It is an essential concept in various fields like finance, physics, engineering and data science. It is defined as the likelihood of an event occurring as no event can be predicted with 100% certainty. Hence probability is just a guide. In this article, we are going to be seeing the foundations of probability in Python. Python offers a number of libraries that allow us to work with probability distributions and perform statistical computations as well as generate random numbers. The basic concepts and keywords of probability ... Read More

ARIMA is a statistical model used for time series forecasting that combines three components: autoregression (AR), integration (I), and moving average (MA). Autoregression (AR) − This component models the dependence between an observation and a number of lagged observations. It's based on the idea that past values of a time series can be used to predict future values. The order of autoregression, denoted by "p", specifies the number of lagged observations to use as predictors. Integration (I) − This component handles non-stationarity of the time series data by removing trends and seasonality. The order of integration, denoted by "d", ... Read More

Introduction to Random Replacement of Word In this article, we are going to learn about the random replacement of words. Random word replacement means that we will randomly select a word from the input text and replace that word with the word that we will select randomly from the list of strings. This process helps us introduce variation and generates different text versions. As we know python is a free, open-source programming language, which provides us with a range of tools and functionalities by the help of which we could perform random replacement of words. We are going to use ... Read More

Introduction This article will help us to understand the dictionary and how we can get its values with the help of its key. In Python, the dictionary is a collection of key, value pairs. We are going to learn about calculating the product and summation of dictionary values using the values() method. To calculate the sum of dictionary values we are going to use a loop to traverse through each value present in the dictionary and add it to the result variable(initially which is 0) and keep on updating it with each value until all the values of the dictionary ... Read More

In today's time, when we have high volume and velocities of data flowing, Apache Spark, an open source big data processing framework, is a common choice as it allows parallel and distributed processing of data. Cleaning of such data is an important step and Apache Spark provides us with a variety of tools and methods for the cleaning of data. In this method, we are going to be seeing how to clean data with Apache Spark in Python and the steps to do so are as follows: Loading the data into a Spark DataFrame − The SparkSession.read method allows ... Read More

Introduction to Produce K evenly spaced float values in Python This article will focus on how to produce k evenly spaced float value using Python. As we know python is an open-source, flexible programming language that offers a huge number of functions for manipulating data and analysis. In this article, we will understand how to produce k evenly spaced float values in Python, where k would be the number of values that has to be printed. The method to find evenly-spaced float values is used in many real-life applications such as in scientific computing, data visualization, and in mathematical operations. ... Read More

Introduction This article will be focusing mainly on how to print the last word in a sentence using Python. We will be using a simple technique to achieve the task. Python is an open-source, flexible, powerful programming language that provides us with various modules and functionalities that helps us to manipulate strings easily. For printing the last word in a sentence, we will use Python’s built-in string functions. Our approach is that we will first break down the input sentence i.e., given input string into a list of words and access the last element of the list to obtain the ... Read More

Introduction In this article, we are going to focus on how to print a heart pattern using Python. We will look into the syntax of the function that is going to be used in the code. We will also learn about the method definition and the arguments that the method will take and their purpose. As we all know python is an open-source versatile programming language that provides a huge number of modules and functionalities to accomplish our task. with Python's simplicity and readability, we can transform our computer screen into a canvas with just a few lines of code. ... Read More

Clustering is a technique in machine learning and data science that involves grouping together similar data points or objects into clusters or subsets. The goal of clustering is to find patterns and structures in data that may not be immediately apparent, and to group related data points together which can be used for further analysis. In this article, we are going to see how to implement clustering with the help of the SciPy library. SciPy provides us with various scientific computing tools to perform tasks like numerical integration, optimization, linear algebra, signal processing etc. It's used by researchers, scientists, engineers, ... Read More