Python has a wide array of modules and tools for solving real-world problems; among them, the os module provides various functions for working with the operating system and performing several useful file operations. Two commonly used functions in the os module, namely, os.open() and os.fdopen() are used for opening files. While both functions serve similar purposes, there are important differences between them. In this article, we will explore the differences between os.open() and os.fdopen() functions; we will understand their respective use cases, and provide code examples to illustrate their utility and usage. Before getting started with exploring the differences ... Read More

File descriptors in Python are identifiers that represents the open files in the os kernel and are kept in a table of files. Typically, they have non-negative values. Negative results denote an error or a "no value" condition. They support a variety of file-related operations. In general, descriptors are a special approach Python uses to maintain attributes. The main things they assist with are accessing files and other input/output devices like network sockets or pipes. These operations take place on I/O streams identified by following file descriptors − close( fd ) File descriptor closure. This function must be used with ... Read More

The purpose of internal buffers, which are created by the runtime, library, and programming language that you're using, is to speed up operations by preventing system calls on every write. Instead, when writing to a file object, you write into its buffer, and when the buffer is full, system functions are used to write the data to the actual file. Syntax Following is the syntax of flush() function − File_name.flush() No parameters are accepted by it. This method returns nothing; its return type is . Example -1 The flush() method in the program below simply clears the file's internal ... Read More

Open(), a built-in function in Python, opens a file and returns a file object. Methods and properties in file objects can be used to gather data about the file you opened. They may also be used to modify the mentioned file. Open a file Two arguments are required for this function. The filename and full path are listed first, followed by access mode. A file object is returned by this function. syntax Following is the syntax used to open a file: open(filename, mode) Here, the filename and it's path are specified by a string argument, and the mode argument ... Read More

There are times when scenarios arise where you need to delete a directory and all its contents, including subdirectories and files, in the domain of Python programming. Such an operation as above is known as removing a directory recursively. Python makes available a powerful module called shutil that makes it possible for you to perform this task with ease. In this article, we will explore several different ways of how to remove a directory recursively using Python. We will walk you through the process in logical steps, citing code examples and explanations along the way. So, let's get started right ... Read More

Directories and files can be deleted using Python's built-in modules and functions. Removing files or directories is a significant process since, after you've destroyed a directory, it's difficult to get its contents back. Therefore, users can remove the directory and its contents without much difficulty by applying a few useful Python functions. Python has the following functions for removing a directory or folder − Using os.rmdir() function Python uses the os.rmdir() function to delete empty directories. In this scenario, the required directory must be empty; else, an OSError would be raised. If the directory doesn't exist, the FileNOtFoundError is thrown. ... Read More

Python's OS module includes functions for creating and removing directories (folders), retrieving their contents, altering, and identifying the current directory, and more. To interface with the underlying operating system, you must first import the os module. The location (path) of the executing program code can be obtained in Python. py with __file__. __file__ can be used to read other files based on the current file's location. Example In the following example, the os.getcwd() function produces a string str with the absolute path to the current working directory where Python is operating #Python program to get the path of the current ... Read More

To know the current working directory or pwd use the os module.For example>>> import os >>> print(os.getcwd()) /home/ayush/qna

The current working directory in Python is defined as the directory from where the Python script is being executed. By default, the current working directory is usually the directory where the script is stored, located or resides. However, there may arise scenarios or instances where you may want to change the current working directory using Python code. In this article, we will explore various methods to set the current working directory in Python. To this end, will take up several code examples and their explanations to elucidate the process of setting the current working directory programmatically. Making Use of ... Read More

You can change directory or cd in Python using the os module. It takes as input the relative/absolute path of the directory you want to switch to.For example>>> import os >>> os.chdir('my_folder')