The io module is now recommended and is compatible with Python 3's open syntax: The following code is used to read and write to unicode(UTF-8) files in PythonExampleimport io with io.open(filename,'r',encoding='utf8') as f:     text = f.read() # process Unicode text with io.open(filename,'w',encoding='utf8') as f:     f.write(text)

The following code does the replacement in the given text file. After the replacement, the text is written to a new text file 'bar.txt'Examplef1 = open('foo.txt', 'r') f2 = open('bar.txt', 'w') for line in f1:     print line     f2.write(line.replace('Poetry', 'Prose')) f2 = open('bar.txt', 'r') for line in f2:    print line, f1.close() f2.close()OutputThis gives the outputPoetry is often considered the oldest form of literature. Poetry today is usually  written down, but is still sometimes performed. Prose is often considered the oldest form of literature. Prose today is usually written down, but is still sometimes performed.Read More

Concept of variable in Python is different from C/C++. In C/C++, variable is a named location in memory. Even if value of one is assigned to another, it creates a copy in another location.int x=5; int y=x;For example in C++, the & operator returns address of the declared variable.cout

A string contains two integers separated by comma. It is first split in a list of two strings having digits.>>> s="1,2".split(",") >>> s ['1', '2']Two items are then converted to integers and used as arguments for complex() function>>> complex(int(s[0]), int(s[1])) (1+2j)This results in unpacking of string of integers in a complex number

Easiest way is to employ two nested for loops. Outer loop fetches each tuple and inner loop traverses each item from the tuple. Inner print() function end=’ ‘ to print all items in a tuple in one line. Another print() introduces new line after each tuple.ExampleL=[(1,2,3), (4,5,6), (7,8,9,10)] for x in L:   for y in x:     print(y, end=' ')   print()Output1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

There are different ways to iterate through a tuple object. The for statement in Python has a variant which traverses a tuple till it is exhausted. It is equivalent to foreach statement in Java. Its syntax is −for var in tuple: stmt1 stmt2ExampleFollowing script will print all items in the listT = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) for var in T: print (T.index(var), var)OutputThe output generated is −0 10 1 20 2 30 3 40 4 50Another approach is to iterate over range upto length of tuple, and use it as index of item in tupleExamplefor var in range(len(T)):   ... Read More

List is an ordered sequence of elements. Individual element in list is accessed using index starting with 0 and goes up to length-1. If index goes beyond this range, IndexError exception is encountered.In following example, an infinite loop is used to pop one element at a time. As loop tries to go even after last element is popped, IndexError exception will be encountered. We trap it using try – except mechanism.a=[1,2,3] while True:   try:     b=a.pop()     print (b)   except (IndexError):     break

You can employ a nested loop to count number of elements in each sublist of a list>>> a=[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] >>> c=0 >>> for x in a:       for y in x:       c=c+1 >>> c 6

JavaScript CookiesUsing JavaScript cookies is the most efficient method of remembering and tracking preferences, purchases, commissions, and other information required for better visitor experience or site statistics.PHP CookiesCookies are text files stored on the client computer and they are kept for tracking purpose. PHP transparently supports HTTP cookies.How JavaScript cookies work?Your server sends some data to the visitor's browser in the form of a cookie. The browser may accept the cookie. If it does, it is stored as a plain text record on the visitor's hard drive. Now, when the visitor arrives at another page on your site, the browser ... Read More

We can compare given strings using the following codeExampleimport re s1 = 'Pink Forest' s2 = 'Pink Forrest' if bool(re.search(s1,s2))==True:    print 'Strings match' else:    print 'Strings do not match'OutputThis gives the outputStrings do not match