JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. It is a lightweight data interchange format. It is similar to pickle. However, pickle serialization is Python specific whereas JSON format is implemented by many languages. The json module in Python’s standard library implements object serialization functionality that is similar to pickle and marshal modules.Just as in pickle module, the json module also provides dumps() and loads() function for serialization of Python object into JSON encoded string, and dump() and load() functions write and read serialized Python objects to/from file.dumps()This function converts the object into JSON format.loads()This function converts a JSON string back to ... Read More

Two sorted arrays can be merged so that a single resultant sorted array is obtained. An example of this is given as follows.Array 1 = 1 3 7 9 10 Array 2 = 2 5 8 Merged array = 1 2 3 5 7 8 9 10A program that demonstrates this is given as follows.Example Live Demopublic class Example {    public static void main (String[] args) {       int[] arr1 = {11, 34, 66, 75};       int n1 = arr1.length;       int[] arr2 = {1, 5, 19, 50, 89, 100};       int ... Read More

The order of the words in a string can be reversed and the string displayed with the words in reverse order. An example of this is given as follows.String = I love mangoes Reversed string = mangoes love IA program that demonstrates this is given as follows.Example Live Demoimport java.util.regex.Pattern; public class Example {    public static void main(String[] args) {       String str = "the sky is blue";       Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\s");       System.out.println("The original string is: " + str);       String[] temp = p.split(str);       String rev = ... Read More

CSV (stands for comma separated values) format is a commonly used data format used by spreadsheets. The csv module in Python’s standard library presents classes and methods to perform read/write operations on CSV files.writer()This function in csv module returns a writer object that converts data into a delimited string and stores in a file object. The function needs a file object with write permission as a parameter. Every row written in the file issues a newline character. To prevent additional space between lines, newline parameter is set to ‘’.The writer class has following methodswriterow()This function writes items in an iterable ... Read More

The Body Mass Index is the body mass in kilogram divided by the square of body height in meters. This is expressed as kg/m^2.A Java program that calculates the Body Mass Index (BMI) is given as follows.Exampleimport java.util.Scanner; public class Example {    public static void main(String args[]) {       Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);       System.out.print("Input weight in kilogram: ");       double weight = sc.nextDouble();       System.out.print("Input height in meters: ");       double height = sc.nextDouble();       double BMI = weight / (height * height);     ... Read More

The tempfile module in standard library defines functions for creating temporary files and directories. They are created in special temp directories that are defined by operating system file systems. For example, under Windows the temp folder resides in profile/AppData/Local/Temp while in linux the temporary files are held in /tmp directory.Following functions are defined in tempfile moduleTemporaryFile()This function creates a temporary file in the temp directory and returns a file object, similar to built-in open() function. The file is opened in wb+ mode by default, which means it can be simultaneously used to read/write binary data in it. What is important, ... Read More

A substring is a part of a string and it can be checked if a particular substring is present in the given string or not. An example of this is given as follows −String = The sunset is beautiful Substring = sunsetThis substring is present in the string.A program that demonstrates this is given as follows −Example Live Demopublic class Example {    public static void main(String args[]) {       String str = "Apples are red";       String substr = "are";       int n1 = str.length();       int n2 = substr.length();       System.out.println("String: " + str);       System.out.println("Substring: " + substr);       for (int i = 0; i

Python’s standard library has filecmp module that defines functions for comparison of files and directories. This comparison takes into consideration the properties of files in addition to data in them.Example codes in this article use following file and directory structure.Two directories dir1 and dir2 are first created under current working directory. They contain following files.--dir1/newfile.txt-- This is a file in dir1 --dir1/file1.txt-- Hello Python --dir1/file2.txt-- Python Standard Library --dir2/file1.txt-- Hello Python --dir2/file2.txt-- Python LibraryLet us now describe various comparison functions in filecmp module.filecmp.cmp(f1, f2, shallow=True)This function compares the two files and returns True if they are identical, False otherwise. The ... Read More

To check whether the entered value is ASCII 7-bit printable, check whether the characters ASCII value is greater than equal to 32 and less than 127 or not. These are the control characters.Here, we have a character.char one = '^';Now, we have checked a condition with if-else for printable characters.if (c >= 32 && c < 127) {    System.out.println("Given value is printable!"); } else {    System.out.println("Given value is not printable!"); }Example Live Demopublic class Demo {    public static void main(String []args) {       char c = '^';       System.out.println("Given value = "+c);     ... Read More

Purpose of linecache module in Python’s standard library is to facilitate random access to any text file, although this module is extensively used by Python’s traceback module to generate error trace stack. Further prettyprints of reading are held in a cache so that it saves time while reading lines repeatedly.The most important function in this module is getline() which reads a specified line number from given file. Following is the list of functions −getline(file, x)This function returns xth line from file. If not present it will return empty string. If the file is not present in current path, function ties ... Read More