Resistance, inductance, and capacitance are three main parameters of an electric circuit. Resistance is defined as the measure of opposition in the flow of electric current. Inductance is defined as the measure of opposition in change in the direction and magnitude of the current. Whereas, capacitance is defined as the measure of opposition in change in the voltage. The resistance, inductance, and capacitance of a conductor depend on several factors like temperature, length, cross-sectional area, etc. In this article, we will discuss about all these factors affecting the resistance, inductance, and capacitance of a conductor. What is Resistance? In electrical ... Read More

The main difference between primary protection and backup protection is in their functionality. Primary Protection is provided to quickly detect the fault and isolate the faulty section from the healthy part, while Backup Protection is provided to isolate the faulty and healthy parts if the primary protection fails. In this article, we will discuss in detail about the primary and backup protections used in power systems along with the major differences between them. So, let’s begin with a basic introduction of primary and secondary protections. What is Primary Protection? Primary protection is defined as the initial layer of protection ... Read More

A circuit breaker is a switchgear device used in electrical system to interrupt the flow of electric current in the circuit. It is used for either switching or protection purposes. In this article, we will learn about circuit breakers, their types, characteristics, standard ratings, and applications. So, let’s start with the basics of circuit breaker. What is a Circuit Breaker? A circuit breaker is an automatic electrical switching device used in power system to interrupt the current in case of faults or abnormal conditions. A circuit breaker is similar to a normal electrical switch but it can also perform switching ... Read More

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) is an electronic device used for testing, research, and design applications. It is a device that helps us to display and analyze the electrical signals in the form of waveforms. In the field of electrical and electronics engineering, CRO is used to perform numerous operations like frequency measurement, waveform analysis, voltage measurement, amplitude measurement, testing and troubleshooting of electric circuits and systems. In this article, we will learn about cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) and its applications. Before that let us discuss the basics of CRO. What is a CRO? A CRO is an electronic testing device ... Read More

In an electrical system, there are three types of conductors used, they are phase, neutral, and ground. In general, the neutral wire is grounded for safety and stability reasons. But sometimes, a condition occurs where the neutral wire of the systems is disconnected from the ground terminal, this condition is known as floating neutral. In some special situations, the neutral wire is intentionally left isolated from the ground terminal, this is also known as floating neutral. In this article, we will learn about floating neutral in electrical systems, its effects, causes, and methods of testing and fixing the floating ... Read More

Monocrystalline solar panels are one of the most popular types of solar panel available in the market and is used for generating electricity from sunlight. The primary reason behind its popularity is its relatively high efficiency in all weather conditions. Although it is a relatively expensive solar panel than other types of solar panels. In this article, I will explain all the important concepts of the monocrystalline solar panel, such as its construction, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. So, let’s start with the basic introduction of the monocrystalline solar cell which is its fundamental building block. What is a ... Read More

In electrical power system, there is a device called Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) used to adjust the voltage levels within a desired limit. In other words, an automatic voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that is primarily used for regulating the output voltage of an electric generator, so that we can obtain a constant voltage even when the load is fluctuating. This tutorial will explain the construction, working, needs, advantages, and applications of automatic voltage regulators (AVRs). So, let’s start with the basic introduction of automatic voltage regulator. What is an Automatic Voltage Regulator? An AVR or Automatic Voltage Regulator ... Read More

Solar energy is becoming one of the most popular methods of generating electricity. It is because the solar energy is clean and does not cause any environment pollution like green-house effect, air pollution, etc. Also, it is renewable, as it will deplete over time. The solar energy is freely available from the sun light and we can develop certain kind of mechanisms like solar panels to utilize the solar energy. A solar panel is an opto-electric device that is used for converting energy from sun light into electricity. Based on the technology used in manufacturing the solar panels, there are ... Read More

An alternator is an electromechanical energy conversion device that converts mechanical energy into alternating current electrical energy. An alternator is basically a synchronous generator that produces electricity at a certain frequency. To drive the alternator, a prime mover is used. Some commonly used prime movers are steam turbine, water turbine, gas turbine, and diesel engine. Like any other rotating electrical machine, different types of faults can also occur in an alternator. Due to these faults, we get a reduced efficiency and performance of the alternator. Further, these faults can cause malfunctioning or complete failure of the alternator that imposes ... Read More

The increasing demand of electricity cannot be met through conventional ways of generating electricity. To fulfil the electricity demand, several new methods have been developed. Solar panels are one of the most common of them. A solar panel is a semiconductor device that can convert sunlight into electricity. This light to electricity conversion is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect. Thus, solar panels are also known as photovoltaic systems. In a solar panel, there are multiple PV or solar cells used that absorb the sunlight and produce electricity. This electricity is stored in rechargeable batteries and supplied as per ... Read More