Introduction What will be the potential energy stored in an object of mass ‘m’ lying on the surface of earth and then raised to a height ‘h’ in a direction perpendicular to the surface (as shown in figure 1) of earth? Your answer will be - Potential energy = (m.g.h). The reason behind the expression of the potential energy stored in the object - that we have assumed that the potential energy at the surface of earth is zero (assumed as datum) and the work done to bring that object from the surface to a height ‘h’ against the gravitational ... Read More

Introduction In this tutorial, we will learn about concave lens. The image produced by the concave lens, the nature of the image formed, and ray diagrams related to the concave lens will be described in detail here. Before proceeding further, let's recall some of the important points related to the concave lens. A concave lens diverges the incident rays. The diverged rays meet at a virtual point called Focus (F1) that exists on the opposite of the lens. The distance from Focus (F1) to Optical Centre (O) is called focal length (f1). A principal axis is a straight imaginary ... Read More

Introduction Have you ever seen a magnifying glass?  That is an example of a spherical lens. But do you know what type of lens it is? Let us go through this tutorial on the concave-convex lenses (spherical lenses) to know about the components and structure of the spherical lenses. Introduction: Spherical Lenses You may have heard and already learned about the plane reflecting surfaces as well as spherical reflecting surfaces. The spherical reflecting surfaces are of two types and can be referred to as concave and convex mirrors, as per their structure. That is to say, if a spherical reflecting ... Read More

Introduction Let's understand various concepts related to the spherical mirrors, that is to say, concave and convex mirrors. Before starting the tutorial, you must recall some important points about the light and reflection on a plane surface. This will help you to understand the light reflection on the spherical surfaces. So, let's understand the two main points about the reflection of light on a plane reflecting surface before starting the tutorial on spherical mirrors. Reflection of Light on Plane Mirrors The laws of reflection state that – The angle of incidence ($\angle$i) and the angle of reflection ($\angle$r) ... Read More

Introduction You may have observed that whenever you stand in front of the mirror, you get an erect, virtual, and same-sized image of yourself. Here, erect means not inverted and virtual image means behind the mirror. Similarly, the images formed by the concave and convex mirrors have different natures. Some images look erect and some are inverted. Also, it can be a real or a virtual image. While compared according to size, the images formed may be of the same size or enlarged, or small-sized. In this tutorial, all these natures of images formed by concave and convex mirrors ... Read More

Introduction The thin lenses have the yields of a negative distance of image, and the virtual images are on the same side as the object faced on the lens. The positive and negative sides of the images are useful to calculate the distance of the image in the real life as a lens equation. The convention of the positive direction is always quantifiable with the direction where the light is travelling through the lens. The direction of the object is negative as the lens image travels a distance from the object and the direction is on the opposite side of ... Read More

Introduction Thermal energy is a form of energy which generates due to heat and flows from the higher amount of temperature to the lower amount of temperature in the body on contact. It is possible to measure the thermal energy in the body with the utilisation of the "sum of kinetic energies". "Joule" (J) is the SI unit of the heat energy and Calorie is the practical unit of the "heat energy" (Aw, 2020). Hence, the hotness and coldness of the body are the temperatures, where a thermometer can measure the temperature of the body. About Thermometer A reliable medical ... Read More

Introduction Thermal energy is mentioned as the energy that emerges from the matter temperature where the vibration of molecules leads to hot substances. Hence, the thermal energy is obtained higher. Joule is known as the unit used to calculate thermal energy and this energy is hardest to convert to any other form. Heat energy or thermal energy is transfigured by three mediums, which include convection, conduction and radiation. In the context of physics, thermal energy has some storage, which is demonstrated as the technology that permits the storage and transfer of heat energy from cold air, ice or water. ... Read More

Introduction Tidal energy is generally considered as a form of energy that can be renewable and has been provided by converting the energy that is obtained from tides into another form of power that is useful such as "electricity". Tides are defined by "very long-period waves" that move through the ocean as a response to the force of gravitation by the moon and sun on the earth. The power generated from the current of this tidal force is generally the basic focus of the discussion of this present tutorial. This tutorial will further include the discussions regarding the method of ... Read More

Introduction The development of a thunderstorm is generally, observed in humid, hot and tropical areas. The humidity present in the air causes the increment of the wind’s temperature in the respective area that contributes to producing "strong upward rising wind". These winds carry the "droplets of water" upwards where the droplets got freeze. These things contribute to creating a certain kind of weather condition which will be discussed in this tutorial. What is a thunderstorm? The "gushes of wind" accompanied by lightning and thunder are commonly known as "thunderstorms". The main reason for the occurrence of a thunderstorm is ... Read More