Windows anonymous pipes are actually Ordinary pipes, and they behave similarly to their UNIX counterparts: they are unidirectional and employ parent-child relationships between the communicating processes. In addition, reading and writing to the pipe can be accomplished with the ordinary ReadFile() and WriteFile() functions. The Windows API use CreatePipe() function for creating pipes, which is passed four parameters. The parameters provide separate handles forreading andwriting to the pipeAn instance of the STARTUPINFO structure, used to specify that the child process is to inherit the handles of the pipe.the size (in Bytes) of the pipe may be specified.Windows requires the programmer ... Read More

In computing, a byte is the unit of data and processing of data is generally denoted as bit processing. In general purpose personal computers, there exist two types of processors namely a 32-bit processor and a 64-bit processor. Based on the type of processor architecture, the computer systems are also of two types – some are using a 32-bit operating system and some are using a 64-bit operating system. The fundamental difference between a 32-bit system and a 64-bit system is in their capability to handle the amount of information, where the 32-bit operating system handles less data as compared ... Read More

Windows 10 is a Personal Computer Operating System developed and released by Microsoft on July 29, 2015. It has some new features when compared to its earlier version of Windows 8.The start menuMicrosoft had made a very bold move to eliminate the start menu when they had released the Windows 8 but however, in the windows 10, the start menu is back.It has the same tiles like structure like it had before along with the regular app icons as well.It was previously a folder based organization but now you can just type the name of the app or folder that ... Read More

Smartphones are useful for many purposes and one of the less typical use cases are digitizing documents. There are many scanning applications in Android and choosing between those applications is a tough choice. Google play store provides ‘n’ number of scanning applications with different features.In recent times many high-end mobiles have been launched which provide best camera quality which as equal an iPhone camera or DSLR camera quality. But the problem with them is we cannot convert the captured images into PDF and Word formats. We need specific converters for changing the type of image file into the desired format.The ... Read More

Users generally sleep, hibernate or shut down their PC/laptop without having any clue what exactly these different terms denote. Here, you get clarity for these terms.Sleep ModeIf you leave your device on sleep mode, it allows you to work resume your work at the cost of some electricity as it moves to the low power state. It is also known popularly as Standby. As soon as you turn your device on, the whole device will snap back to life instantly. The files you left open will be taken care of automatically.HibernatePutting your laptop/PC on hibernate mode is more or less ... Read More

The dining philosophers problem states that there are 5 philosophers sharing a circular table and they eat and think alternatively. There is a bowl of rice for each of the philosophers and 5 chopsticks. A philosopher needs both their right and left chopstick to eat. A hungry philosopher may only eat if there are both chopsticks available.Otherwise a philosopher puts down their chopstick and begin thinking again.The dining philosopher is a classic synchronization problem as it demonstrates a large class of concurrency control problems.Solution of Dining Philosophers ProblemA solution of the Dining Philosophers Problem is to use a semaphore to ... Read More

The producer consumer problem is a synchronization problem. There is a fixed size buffer and the producer produces items and enters them into the buffer. The consumer removes the items from the buffer and consumes them.A producer should not produce items into the buffer when the consumer is consuming an item from the buffer and vice versa. So the buffer should only be accessed by the producer or consumer at a time.The producer consumer problem can be resolved using semaphores. The codes for the producer and consumer process are given as follows −Producer ProcessThe code that defines the producer process ... Read More

The readers-writers problem relates to an object such as a file that is shared between multiple processes. Some of these processes are readers i.e. they only want to read the data from the object and some of the processes are writers i.e. they want to write into the object.The readers-writers problem is used to manage synchronization so that there are no problems with the object data. For example - If two readers access the object at the same time there is no problem. However if two writers or a reader and writer access the object at the same time, there ... Read More

Process synchronization in Linux involves providing a time slice for each process so that they get the required time for execution.The process can be created using the fork() command in Linux. The creating process is called the parent process and the created process is the child process. A child process can have only one parent but a parent process may have many children. Both the parent and child processes have the same memory image, open files and environment strings. However, they have distinct address spaces.A diagram that demonstrates the fork() command is given as follows −Orphan ProcessesThere are some processes ... Read More

A remote procedure call is an interprocess communication technique that is used for client-server based applications. It is also known as a subroutine call or a function call.A client has a request message that the RPC translates and sends to the server. This request may be a procedure or a function call to a remote server. When the server receives the request, it sends the required response back to the client. The client is blocked while the server is processing the call and only resumed execution after the server is finished.The sequence of events in a remote procedure call are ... Read More