Found 9326 Articles for Object Oriented Programming

Stream Manipulators are functions specifically designed to be used in conjunction with the insertion () operators on stream objects, for example −std::cout

C++ is a programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs. C++ is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features. It is a superset of C, and that virtually any legal C program is a legal C++ program. C++ runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. It is a language that is −Statically typed − A programming language is said to use static typing when type checking is performed during compile-time as opposed to run-time.Compiled − A compiled ... Read More

cin is an object of the input stream and is used to take input from input streams like files, console, etc. cout is an object of the output stream that is used to show output. Basically, cin is an input statement while cout is an output statement.They also use different operators. cin uses the insertion operator( >> ) while cout uses the extraction operator(

"" Outputs a newline (in the appropriate platform-specific representation, so it generates a "\r" on Windows), but std::endl does the same and flushes the stream. Usually, you don't need to flush the stream immediately and it'll just cost you performance, so, for the most part, there's no reason to use std::endl.When you want to flush the stream manually -- e.g. because you expect your output to be made visible to the user in a timely fashion -- you should use std::endl instead of writing '' to the stream (whether as an isolated character or part of a string). Read More

cout is an object of the stdout stream, while cerr is an object of the stderr stream.stdout and stderr are different streams, even though they both refer to console output by default. Redirecting (piping) one of them (e.g. program.exe >out.txt) would not affect the other.Generally, stdout ought to be used for actual program output, whereas all information and error messages should be printed to stderr, in order that if the user redirects output to a file, information messages are still printed on the screen and not to the output file.

cerr and clog are both objects of the stderr stream. Following are the differences between them. You can also read about the cout object to get a clearer picture.Un-buffered standard error stream (cerr)cerr is the standard error stream which is used to output the errors. This is also an instance of theostream class. As cerr is un-buffered therefore it's used when we need to display the error message instantly. It doesn't have any buffer to store the error message and display later.Buffered standard error stream (clog)This is also an instance of ostream class and used to display errors but unlike ... Read More

cin, cout, cerr, and clog are streams that handle standard inputs and standard outputs. These are stream objects defined in iostream header file.std::cin is an object of class istream that represents the standard input stream oriented to narrow characters (of type char). It corresponds to the C stream stdin. The standard input stream is a source of characters determined by the environment. It is generally assumed to be input from an external source, such as the keyboard or a file.std::cout is an object of class ostream that represents the standard output stream oriented to narrow characters (of type char). It corresponds ... Read More

std::cerr is an object of class ostream that represents the standard error stream oriented to narrow characters (of type char). It corresponds to the C stream stderr. The standard error stream is a destination of characters determined by the environment. This destination may be shared by more than one standard object (such as cout or clog).As an object of class ostream, characters can be written to it either as formatted data using the insertion operator (operator

std::cin is an object of class istream that represents the standard input stream oriented to narrow characters (of type char). It corresponds to the C stream stdin. The standard input stream is a source of characters determined by the environment. It is generally assumed to be input from an external source, such as the keyboard or a file.As an object of class istream, characters can be retrieved either as formatted data using the extraction operator (operator>>) or as unformatted data, using member functions such as read. The object is declared in header with external linkage and static duration: it ... Read More

std::cout is an object of class ostream that represents the standard output stream oriented to narrow characters (of type char). It corresponds to the C stream stdout. The standard output stream is the default destination of characters determined by the environment. This destination may be shared with more standard objects (such as cerr or clog).As an object of class ostream, characters can be written to it either as formatted data using the insertion operator (operator