IntUnaryOperator Interface, a functional interface of Java that performs an operation on a single integer-valued operand and also returns an integer value as a result. Since it is a functional interface, we can use it as an assignment target for the lambda expressions or method references. Here, the functional interface means an interface that contains only a single abstract method and exhibits single functionality. Some examples of functional interfaces are Predicate, Runnable, and Comparable interfaces. The IntUnaryOperator interface is defined in the 'java.util.function' package. In this article, we are going to explore the IntUnaryOperator Interface and its built-in methods with ... Read More

String interning is a process wherein a single copy of every distinct string value is stored. In addition to this, the strings can’t be changed too. This way, strings can contain the same data as well as share the same memory. This way, the memory required would be greatly reduced.When the ‘intern’ function is called −It checks the equality between two strings- whether the string object is present in the String Constant pool (SCP) or not.If available, the string is returned by fetching it from the pool. Otherwise, a new String object is created and added to the pool. A ... Read More

Set data structure is used to store unique values only, meaning no duplicate values would be stored in a set. When a HashSet is created, it internally implements a HashMap. An element can be inserted into the HashSet using the ‘add’ function. This internally calls the ‘put’ function since a HashMap would have been internally created. Hence, Set takes in unique values with the help of HashMap.HashMap contains unique key and value pairs, wherein the key and value pairs are inserted using the ‘put’ function. Upon calling the ‘put’ function, a previous value associated with the key or null is ... Read More

The function ‘hashCode’ is used to get the hash code of an object in Java. This is an object of super class Object. It returns the object reference’s memory as an integer. It is a native function, which means no direct method in Java can be used to fetch the reference of the object.For better performace of HashMap, use the hashCode() properly. Basically, this function is used to calculate the bucket and index values. It is defined in the following way −public native hashCode()Since we have mentioned ‘bucket’, it is important to understand what it means. It is an element ... Read More

There are many facts associated with null in Java. We will discuss a few of them here with examples −The default value of any reference variable in Java is always null.Example Live Demopublic class Demo{    private static Object my_obj;    public static void main(String args[]){       System.out.println("The default value of object my_obj is : " + my_obj);    } }OutputThe default value of object my_obj is : nullA class named Demo defines a static object and the main function that shows the default value of this pre-defined object.The not equal to (!=) and comparison (==) operators can be ... Read More

Java was built by sheer accident, a team of developers were busy building a set top box, and began cleaning C++. When they were winding up these changes, they ended up discovering Java and its runtime environment.Many of you might be aware of this, but for those who aren’t, Java wasn’t the original name that was decided for this language. It was ‘Oak’. Sun Marketing system changed the name later when they realized that a company named ‘Oak’ existed.It is a widely used language all over the world, and is considered to be a favourite amongst the developer group, and ... Read More

There are many interesting facts with respect to increment and decrement operators in Java. We will discuss a few of them with examples −The increment and decrement operators can’t be used with the ‘final’ variables. This is due to the fact that variables associated with ‘final’ keyword can’t be changed −Example Live Demopublic class Demo{    public static void main(String[] args){       final int my_val = 34;       int my_val_2 = ++my_val;       System.out.println("The value is :");       System.out.println(my_val_2);    } }Output/Demo.java:6: error: cannot assign a value to final variable my_val int my_val_2 ... Read More

There are many facts with respect to array assignment, and we will discuss a few of them with working examples here −While creating array object type, the element that would be present inside the array can be declared as type objects or as child class’s object.Example Live Demopublic class Demo{    public static void main(String[] args){       Number[] my_val = new Number[3];       my_val[0] = new Integer(91);       my_val[1] = new Double(65.963);       my_val[2] = new Double(45.7965);       System.out.println(my_val[0]);       System.out.println(my_val[1]);       System.out.println(my_val[2]);    } }Output91 65.963 ... Read More

Java compiler doesn’t allow abandoning an uninitialized local variable. When a local variable is initialized inside a conditional block, there are 3 possibilities that could potentially occur −Code compiles successfully if values are provided in the conditional block and the given condition is true.Code gives a compilation error if variables are provided (instead of values) in the conditional block and the condition is true.Code gives compilation error if the condition that needs to be checked is false.If the local variable is initialized to a default value outside of the conditional block in the code, it won’t give any error and ... Read More

The HashSet use Hashing to manipulate data. Let us see an example − Example import java.util.*; public class Demo{ private final String f_str, l_str; public Demo(String f_str, String l_str){ this.f_str = f_str; this.l_str = l_str; } public boolean equals(Object o){ if (o instanceof Demo) return true; Demo n = (Demo)o; return n.f_str.equals(f_str) && n.l_str.equals(l_str); } public static void main(String[] args){ ... Read More