Introduction In today's digital world, ensuring smooth, secure, and error-free communication is crucial for a myriad of applications. That's where bit stuffing and destuffing techniques come in handy! This article will demystify these concepts, delve into their benefits, and provide actionable insights on implementing them effectively. So let's dive right in and enhance your understanding of these essential data transmission methods! Understanding bit stuffing and bit destuffing Bit stuffing is a technique used to prevent synchronization issues and signal errors during data transmission by introducing one or more non-information bits into a message Definition And Purpose Bit stuffing and bit ... Read More

Introduction In today's highly connected world, efficient and secure data transfer is crucial for seamless communication between various devices over the internet. A fundamental aspect of this process involves the TCP/IP protocol and its mechanisms, including the Three-Way Handshake and Slow Start Algorithm. This article is aimed to provide readers with an insightful understanding of these critical components in a simple yet informative manner. So, let's dive into deciphering the significance of these protocols and uncover their effects on network performance — continue reading to enhance your knowledge about the backbone of internet communication! Understanding TCP/IP protocol and Three-Way Handshake ... Read More

Introduction In today's digital age, network attacks pose a significant threat to the operational efficiency of organizations worldwide. With businesses relying heavily on technology, it is crucial to understand and address potential vulnerabilities that could compromise critical processes and cause lasting damage. This informative article delves into various types of network attacks, their effects on organizational efficiency, and effective strategies for enhancing your organization's cybersecurity measures. Continue reading to understand how to better defend your company from these ever-changing cyber dangers. Understanding network attacks and security threats Network assaults are intentional attempts by hackers or cybercriminals to obtain unauthorized access ... Read More

The limits of human imagination are being redefined by immersive technologies, which are also altering how we perceive our surroundings. Particularly Augmented Reality (AR) brings up new avenues to dynamic and interesting digital surroundings that captivate our senses unlike anything else. Understanding Augmented Reality Augmented reality is an immersive technology that overlays digital information onto the real world environment and this is executed by superimposing digital data like pictures and music over their actual environment. Definition and Explanation Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive and immersive technology that enhances the real-world experience of users by superimposing digital data, such as ... Read More

Introduction In today's digital world, securing sensitive information is more important than ever. Image Steganography, a fascinating subset of Cryptography, offers unique advantages in maintaining privacy and protecting valuable data from prying eyes. By discreetly embedding secret messages within ordinary images, this technique enables covert communication without arousing suspicion or leaving traces for hackers to find. In this article, the basics of Image Steganography in Cryptography – its techniques, types, advantages – along with intriguing examples from history and present-day applications will be explored. Let's embark on a journey into the hidden realm of image-based secret codes that could revolutionize ... Read More

Introduction In today's digital world, privacy and data protection have become increasingly important. With sensitive information being transmitted online every day, ensuring that it stays out of the wrong hands is crucial. Image steganography offers an advanced method for keeping your secrets safe by discreetly hiding them within ordinary images or photographs. This comprehensive guide will provide you with valuable insights into various techniques and types of image steganography to help secure your precious data from prying eyes. For anyone interested in cybersecurity, cryptography, and covert communication methods, this article is a must-read! So let's dive in and unveil the ... Read More

Encrypting an image protects communication by rendering it indecipherable for those who do not get the decryption key. One method of encrypting images is using cellular automata, which are mathematical models that use a grid of cells to simulate complex systems. In this article, we'll look at how cellular automata may be employed for encrypted images and why it's so popular. Cellular Automata Analysis To comprehend how cellular automata are applicable to image encryption, you must first understand what they are and how they work. Understanding Cellular Automata In order to understand how cellular automata can be used for ... Read More

Introduction with Historical Background The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) was developed by Cisco Systems in mid 1980s. It is a distance-vector routing protocol and uses the metric called composite metric to calculate the best route between two communication networks. The main purpose of IGRP is to exchange information about networks available within an autonomous system. It supports up to 255 hops, has unlimited hop count, and can perform load balancing over several paths simultaneously. IGRP also allows for easy scalability from large networks down to small ones or vice versa; this makes it suitable for use in many different ... Read More

Background of IEEE 802.6 (DQDB) IEEE 802.6, or Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB), is a metropolitan area network (MAN) technology for LANs developed by the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers' Committee for Computer Communications Standards. It is designed for use in metropolitan areas with wide geographical coverage, such as cities, campuses, and other places where the users are linked together over distances up to 10 kilometers apart. The fundamental idea behind DQDB is to build numerous virtual buses that can be utilised for two endpoints on a network to communicate in both directions. Each bus has its own unique ... Read More

IoT and M2M Internet of Things (IoT) devices connect to real-world entities to send and receive data connecting to the internet. Here “Things” defines any entities that exist physically like watches, health monitoring devices, home appliances, traffic systems, etc. These devices analyze information from the surroundings and even make decisions with less human interaction and results are sent through the connected network to the receiver end. The receiver end can be any device like Laptop, PC, tablet, iPad, etc. This technology connects people with places and things from their comfortable environment and time constraints that are never imagined before in ... Read More