What is mysql_secure_installation?Let us understand the MySQL installation related program mysql_secure_installation −This program enables the user to improve the security of their MySQL installation in the below mentioned ways:The user can set a password for root accounts.The user can remove root accounts which are accessible from outside the local host.The user can remove anonymous-user accounts.The user can remove the test database which, by default, can be accessed by all users, even anonymous users), and privileges that permit anyone to access databases with names that start with test_.The mysql_secure_installation helps the user to implement security recommendations.Normal usage is to connect to ... Read More

Let us understand mysql_plugin utlity used in MySQL −The mysql_plugin utility allows MySQL administrators to manage the plugins that a MySQL server loads.It provides an alternative to manually specify the --plugin-load option at server startup or with the help of INSTALL PLUGIN and UNINSTALL PLUGIN statements at runtime.Depending on whether mysql_plugin is invoked to enable or disable plugins, the utility inserts or deletes rows respectively, in the mysql.plugin table which serves as a plugin registry.For normal server startups, the server loads and enables the plugins which are listed in mysql.plugin automatically.For additional control over the activation of the plugin, the ... Read More

The mysql_install_db handles the initialization tasks which need to be performed before the MySQL server i.e mysqld is ready to use. It initializes the MySQL data directory and helps create the system tables that it contains. It initializes the system tablespace and the related data structures that are reuqired to manage the InnoDB tables.Secure-by-Default DeploymentThe current versions of mysql_install_db would produce a MySQL deployment which is secure by default. It has the below mentioned characteristics.A single administrative account named 'root'@'localhost' is created with a randomly generated password and is marked as expired.No anonymous user accounts are created.No test database which ... Read More

The comp_err creates the errmsg.sys file which is used by mysqld to determine the error messages that need to be displayed for different error codes. After the current update to MySQL, the error information comes from the messages_to_error_log.txt and messages_to_clients.txt files in the share directory.Before MySQL 8.0.19, the error information used to come from the errmsg-utf8.txt file in the sql/share directory. The comp_err also generates the mysqld_error.h, mysqld_ername.h, and mysqld_errmsg.h header files.The comp_err can be invoked in the following way −shell> comp_err [options]It supports the below options −--charset=dir_name, -C dir_nameIt is the character set directory. The default is ../sql/share/charsets.--debug=debug_options, -# ... Read More

The mysqld_multi command has been designed to manage several mysqld processes which listen for connections on different Unix socket files and TCP/IP ports. It can be used to start or stop servers, or report their current status.It can be invoked using the below code −shell> mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|reload|report} [GNR[, GNR] ...]The start, stop, reload (stop and restart), and report indicate which operation needs to be performed. The designated operation can be performed for a single server or multiple servers, and this depends on the GNR list that follows the option name. GNR is the group number.Let us take an example ... Read More

The mysql.server will change the location to the MySQL installation directory. It will then invoke the mysqld_safe. To run the server as a specific user, an appropriate user option can be added to the [mysqld] group of the global /etc/my.cnf option file.It changes location to the MySQL installation directory, and later invokes mysqld_safe.To run the server as a specific user, an appropriate user option can be added to the [mysqld] group of the global /etc/my.cnf option file.It may be required to edit the mysql.server if it was installed as a binary distribution of MySQL in a nonstandard location.It has to ... Read More

What is mysqld_safeThe mysqld_safe command is considered as the right way to start a mysqld server on Unix.It adds certain safety features like restarting the server when an error occurs and logging runtime information to an error log.It tries to start an executable named mysqld. To override this default behavior and specify the name of the server explicitly, which is the one that the user wants to run, a --mysqld or -- mysqld-version option can be specified to mysqld_safe. The --ledir can also be used to tell the directory where mysqld_safe should look for the server.Options unknown to mysqld_safe are ... Read More

Let us understand about ‘mysqld’, the MySQL server −mysqldThe mysqld is also known as MySQL Server. It is a single multithreaded program that does most of the work in a MySQL installation. It doesn’t spawn additional processes.MySQL Server helps manage the access to the MySQL data directory which contains databases and tables. The data directory is the default location for other information like log files and status files.Note − Certain installation packages may contain a debugging version of the server by the name mysqld-debug.This version can be invoked instead of the mysqld for debugging support, memory allocation checking, as well ... Read More

Let us understand how MySQL server can be started and stopped on Linux and Windows −Linux – Start and Stop ServerOn Linux, the start and stop can be done from the command line as shown below −/etc/init.d/mysqld start /etc/init.d/mysqld stop/etc/init.d/mysqld restartLinux – Service CommandsSome Linux types offer service command as well −service mysqld startservice mysqld stop service mysqld restart(or)service mysql startservice mysql stopservice mysql restart Windows – Start and Stop ServerLet us understand how it can be done on Windows −Open 'Run' Window by using Win key + RType 'services.msc'Now search for MySQL service based on the version that ... Read More

There are 4 MySQL server and server-start up programs. They have been listed below −mysqldmysqld_safemysql.servermysqld_multimysqldis also known as MySQL Server. It is a single multithreaded program that does most of the work in a MySQL installation. It doesn’t spawn additional processes. MySQL Server helps manage the access to the MySQL data directory which contains databases and tables. The data directory is the default location for other information like log files and status files.When MySQL server starts, it listens to the network connections from client programs and helps manage the access to databases on behalf of these clients.To see options specified ... Read More