Introduction In today's era of technological advancements, use of computers and various electronic devices has become an essential part of our daily routine. We often find ourselves in situations where we need to compare two files to check if they contain same content or not. This can be a daunting task, especially if files are large in size, and traditional comparison methods can be quite time-consuming. In this article, we will explore fastest methods to check if two files have same contents. What is a File Comparison? A file comparison is a process of comparing two or more files to ... Read More

Locale Environment Variables in Linux Locale environment variables in Linux play a crucial role in enabling users to communicate effectively with operating system. locale environment variables are responsible for setting language, encoding, and cultural conventions in a system. In this article, we will explore different aspects of locale environment variables in Linux. What is a Locale? A locale is a set of parameters that define user's language, country, currency, and other cultural conventions. locale defines format of dates, time, and numbers, and character sets. For example, US locale uses dollar as currency symbol, while UK locale uses pound. Similarly, US ... Read More

Linux is a free and open-source operating system that is widely used in modern computing systems. It has a rich set of features that make it one of most popular operating systems in world. One such feature is use of swap space. Swap space is a part of Linux file system that is used to temporarily store data when computer's RAM (Random Access Memory) is full. In this article, we will discuss use of swap space in modern Linux systems, its benefits, and how to configure it. What is Swap Space? Swap space is a designated area on a hard ... Read More

Introduction Linux is a powerful operating system that provides users with a command-line interface to perform various tasks. One of essential tools in Linux is sudo command. sudo command allows users to execute commands as a superuser or another user with elevated privileges. This article will explore sudo command in Linux, its usage, and different examples of its application. Understanding Sudo Command Sudo stands for "SuperUser Do, " and it is a powerful command in Linux that allows users to execute commands with elevated privileges. Sudo command is used to run a command as a superuser or another user with ... Read More

Introduction When it comes to programming, there are numerous occasions when we need to execute multiple commands and take input or output from a single command. In such cases, sending output of a command to multiple commands becomes an essential task. Sending stdout to multiple commands is one of most frequently used techniques in programming. In this article, we will discuss what stdout is and how we can send it to multiple commands with examples. So, let’s get started. What is stdout? Stdout (Standard Output) is a default stream in Unix-like operating systems, which is used to display output of ... Read More

Introduction Bash scripting is a powerful way of automating repetitive tasks and executing complex commands with a single script. With increasing popularity of web-based technologies, it's now possible to execute Bash scripts directly from a URL. This opens up a whole new world of possibilities for web developers and system administrators. In this article, we'll explore how to execute Bash scripts directly from a URL and provide some examples to help you get started. What is Bash Scripting? Bash scripting is a type of scripting language that is commonly used on Unix-based systems such as Linux and macOS. Bash stands ... Read More

Introduction Environment variables are crucial for functioning of an operating system. They are used to store information about system's environment, such as system paths, user preferences, and application settings. In Linux, managing environment variables is an essential task that can be easily done using command-line tools. In this article, we will explore different methods of managing environment variables in Linux. We will discuss how to view, set, and delete environment variables, and how to make them persistent across sessions. Viewing Environment Variables The first step in managing environment variables is to view current list of variables. In Linux, you can ... Read More

Linux is a powerful and versatile operating system that has gained immense popularity in computing world. One of most useful features of Linux is ability to combine and execute multiple commands at once, which can significantly improve your productivity and efficiency. In this article, we will discuss various techniques for combining and executing multiple Linux commands, along with examples that demonstrate their practical applications. Combining Commands with Pipes The most common way to combine Linux commands is by using pipes. A pipe is a feature that allows output of one command to be passed as input to another command. syntax ... Read More

Introduction In world of Unix and Linux, Bourne shell is a popular and widely used command-line interface for interacting with operating system. One of most powerful features of Bourne shell is command substitution, which allows you to use output of one command as input for another. This article will explore command substitution in Bourne shell, including how it works, why it's useful, and some practical examples. What is Command Substitution? In Bourne shell, command substitution is a feature that allows you to take output of one command and use it as input for another command. This is done by enclosing ... Read More

When working with a Unix-based operating system such as Linux or macOS, it is common to encounter situations where a process becomes unresponsive or needs to be terminated for some reason. Fortunately, there are several command-line utilities available that allow users to end processes in a variety of ways. In this article, we will explore three of most commonly used utilities for terminating processes: kill, pkill, and killall. We will cover their basic usage, common options, and examples of how they can be used to manage processes on a Unix system. Basic usage of kill, pkill, and killall Before diving ... Read More