Using the characters like - , / or | and many other from the keyboard, we can create animation characters. These characters can be static as well as moving in the screen. All this involves programming using shell scripting. These scripts are bundled into libraries or packages which can be installed in the terminal. Below we will see the examples of these animations.A Running TrainThis package produces a train animation when run from the terminal. But first we install it and then simple type sl in the terminal.$ sudo apt-get install sl $ slRunning the above code gives us the ... Read More

The hard disk in a computer is formatted with specific file system so that the operating system can read and write into it. For UNIX based systems we have various type of file systems. In this article we will see how to format a new partition in hard disk with ext4 file system.Available Filesystem typesFirst we see what are the different file systems available for the current operating system. The below command lists all those file systems.$ ls -1 /sbin/mkfs*Running the above code gives us the following result −/sbin/mkfs /sbin/mkfs.bfs /sbin/mkfs.cramfs /sbin/mkfs.ext2 /sbin/mkfs.ext3 /sbin/mkfs.ext4 /sbin/mkfs.ext4dev /sbin/mkfs.fat /sbin/mkfs.minix /sbin/mkfs.msdos /sbin/mkfs.ntfs /sbin/mkfs.vfatLook ... Read More

We often need to customise the operating system to become useful to our own preferences like the language we want to use the time zone we are in the type of currency which would become the default currency in the OS etc. In this article we will see how to customise these options which is known as locale.Current localeWe can check the current locally by using the locale command as shown below. We get list of variables which can be reset to a different value as per our choice later$ localeRunning the above code gives us the following result −LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ... Read More

Sometimes there may be too many columns crammed into a single file. That makes it difficult to read the content of the file and point out which data belongs to which column. In order to have a better view, we ca use certain commands that will allocate space between the columns and also mark some separation characters that will make it clear to see the beginning and end of the column.Sample FileLets’ look at the below sample file which we will use to demonstrate the column command. We can get the file from kaggle.here.$ cat iris.dataRunning the above code gives ... Read More

The fuser utility in Linux is a very smart Unix utility. As the name suggests, it offers knowledge about file user or the process that is currently utilizing the file or directory. This article explains about – Frequently used examples of ‘fuser’ Command in Linux.To get the more information about fuser, use the following command –$ fuserThe sample output should be like this –Usage: fuser [-fMuvw] [-a|-s] [-4|-6] [-c|-m|-n SPACE] [-k [-i] [-SIGNAL]] NAME... fuser -l fuser -V Show which processes use the named files, sockets, or filesystems. -a, --all             display unused files ... Read More

Did you get to take one file on a Linux or Unix approach and replicate it to a whole bunch of alternative directories? Then, this article is for you to copy a file to multiple directories in Linux/Ubuntu.Using with cp and xargsTo copy a file to multiple directories in Linux/Ubuntu, use the following in command –$ echo dir1 dir2 dir3 | xargs -n 1 cp file1In the above command, we are copying file1 to dir1, dir2, and dir3 directories.The sample example of the above command is as shown below −$ echo Music Videos Desktop | xargs -n 1 cp httpstat.pyIn ... Read More

Do you know how to download APK (Android packaging kit) files from Google Play store on Linux? One of the easiest way is to install APK on Android mobile for downloading APK files from Google Play Store to Hard Disk and install them on the Android device manually.There are several ways to download APK file(s) on Linux. One of the most used ways is via an open-source Linux software called GooglePlayDownloader. It works on python based GUI. It enables you to search and download APK files from Google play store. This article gives information about, how to install GooglePlayDownloader and ... Read More

Are you new to Linux/Ubuntu? Do you know, which version of Ubuntu/Linux is currently installed on your machine? If you are in a dilemma, then this article explains you about how to find out Linux version currently installed on your machine.Method 1Use the following command to find Ubuntu version as shown below −$cat /etc/*-releaseThe sample output should be like this –DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS" NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="16.04.1 LTS (Xenial Xerus)" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS" VERSION_ID="16.04" HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenialTo get the kernel information about Linux machine, use the following command as shown below −$ hostnamectlSample output should be ... Read More

This article will help to know how to configure an NTP (Network Time Protocol) server and client on RHEL/Cent OS Linux to manage the system clock with to help of an NTP server.NTP (Network Time Protocol)NPT is used to synchronize a computer’s machine’s time with another time source. In RHEL / CentOS Linux we can use NTP or OpenNTPD server, which provides client and server software for time synchronization.Installing NTP SoftwareThe NTP package have utilities and daemons that will synchronize the machine time to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) via the NTP protocol. The NTP package has ntpdate (Which updates the ... Read More

In this article, we will learn about “how to use the Yum command” for installing the packages. Also note that, the repositories on the Cent OS 6.7 YUM (Yellowdog Update Modified) is a tool used to develop by Redhat. You can use this materials for learning the YUM.Managing Software with YUMUse the yum utility to install or modify the software on your system in the following ways –New software installation from repositories.Installing software from an individual package file.Updating the existing software on your system.Removing unwanted software from your system.Installing Software from a Package FileThe yum commands used in this is ... Read More