FedoraFedora is Linux based and open-source operating system intended for developers and system administrators. It is supported by a huge Red Hat Community. It was introduced in Sep 2003. Initially, it was also known as Fedore Core. Fedora OS uses IPSec to connect to remote machines or networks. It uses Internet Key Exchange, IKE protocol to make secure, robust connections between machines.DebianDebian is again a Linux based open-source operating system. It is part of GNU project providing program components to Debian OS. Debian was developed targetting the end-users general purpose. It is highly user friendly and efficient. Many large and ... Read More

Microsoft has introduced the WSL Subsystem for Linux, which lets users run their favorite Linux distributions directly from Windows 10 without dual-booting or using a virtual machine.Limitations of Windows Subsystem for LinuxWhile this is a step in the right direction for Microsoft, it's not quite there yet in terms of full functionality. Specifically, WSL does not support AF_PACKET for security restrictions. This means that you won't be able to put a Wi-Fi adapter in promiscuous mode (or monitor mode), and tools that require raw sockets to function properly won't work, such as Nmap.Installation the Windows Subsystem for LinuxStep-1:To do so, ... Read More

The Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution designed for penetration testing and digital forensics adopted by both hackers and security professionals. It is highly probable that the user could not have been login owing to the forgotten password or not able to reset the password after installing it in the virtual environment or in the dual boot along with other OS. Hence, this article is designed to teach the aspiring penetration tester how to reset the Kali Linux password.The user is, typically stuck by confronting the following experience while not able to login to the Kali system as follows.But, ... Read More

The .NET centric applications are meant to windows operating system up till now, but now Microsoft has introduced a new cross-platform application called Mono which enables the execution of the application developed under the .NET platform in Linux environment by giving an impression in such a way that as if we are running Linux package rather than executing .exe file.MonoMono is an open-source utility that allows the developer to execute .NET centric applications on other platforms such as Mac or Linux as it provides an installation package for Windows platform to compile and execute .NET assemblies on Windows OS without ever ... Read More

In a computer network, the network service runs a software in each of the computers that are part of the network. In Linux System this network software uses a protocol called TCP or UDP along with port number. TCP is known as transmission control protocol and UDP is known as user datagram protocol. In this article we will see how to watch the ports are sockets which are running on this protocols on a real time basis.List of Open PortsAs a first step we look for the open ports that are available in the system. Bye open we mean the ... Read More

The man pages are important reference pages for any Unix user. But their look and feel is very boring because it is just lines of text with some punctuations. In this article we will see how the different parts of the man pages can be coloured and highlighted. That will make it very easy to follow the instructions in the man pages.Using mostThe most command can be used to display the colour man pages but first we have to install it and then add to our bash profile so that it becomes available in the environment. The below command shows ... Read More

When we use sudo along with a command, we are required to give the password in the next step. But when we start entering the password, we do not see anything displaying on the screen. The screen after the colon symbol remains blank. It creates a difficulty in knowing, how many characters we have entered. In thei article we will see how we can display asterisks for every character of the password entered.The below screen shows a command with sudo clause to copy a file. As you can see the screen asks for password but nothing is displayed when the ... Read More

Sometimes a Unix command may run for a very long time without giving the final output or it make a processing giving partial output from time to time. In such scenario we will like to put a time frame within which either the command mast complete for the process should abort. This is achieved by using below options.Using timeout ToolThe Timeout tool forces a command tour abort if it cannot complete within a given time frame. Below is the syntax and example.Syntaxtimeout DURATION COMMAND [ARG]... Where Duration is the number seconds you want the command to run Before aborting ... Read More

Many times we need to search for a particular string which may be present in multiple files. In this article we'll see which commands to use to find all the files that contains a particular string or Word.Using grepIt is a powerful regular expression search tool. At a basic level , it will match an input string with the list of files that contain that string.Below is the syntax and the example.grep 'string' directory-path/*.* #Example grep 'config' hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/*.*Running the above code gives us the following result −hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/capacity-scheduler.xml: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/hadoop-policy.xml: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/httpfs-site.xml: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/kms-acls.xml: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/kms-site.xml: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/ssl-client.xml.example: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/ssl-server.xml.example: hadoop-2.6.5/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml:Using grep -rIn ... Read More

The Linux GUI based terminal window has many colours and font settings which can be enhanced as per the user choice. All these can be done using the shell commands and not just by clicking mouse buttons in the GUI component settings.Most of these settings are handled through variables whose value can be changed or assigned by commands. In this article we will see how to handle the terminal prompt settings in Ubuntu based systems.The PS1 VariableIt is a environment variable which controls the primary prompt string which is displayed when the shell is ready to read a command. There ... Read More