After the judgement in the case of Satwant Singh Sawhney v. D. Ramarathnam (1967 SC), it became imperative to have a law that could regulate the issuance of passports and travel documents. Although Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees the right to free movement, restricting it is viewed as a flagrant violation of Article 14 of the Constitution. As a sort of positive reinforcement, the Passports Act was passed to regulate this and bar the issuance of passports to anyone who would imperil the sovereignty and honour of the nation. The President promulgated the "Indian Passport Ordinance, 1967" as Parliament ... Read More

It is a known fact that the union cabinet has given a new proposal for the Mines and Minerals Act, 1957, which informs us of the rates of certain minerals, which include the following: potash, platinum, emerald, etc. Facts & Update of the Mines and Minerals Act The Act revised again recently to give the mineral division more driving force. Under the changes, the government has given a major boost to the sale of mineral blocks, thereby expanding generation, improving ease of doing commerce within the nation, and expanding the commitment of mineral generation to gross domestic product (GDP). The ... Read More

After the Hindu Women's Right to Property Act, 1937, the government set up the Rau Committee to suggest necessary reforms. The Committee suggested watershed changes in the law in order to remove inequalities existing against women amongst Hindus. The committee recommended that Hindu succession law be codified. Accepting the suggestions of the Rau Committee, Parliament legislated the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 to regularise and codify the entire law of succession. The Act came into force on June 17th, 1956. This article is an attempt to discuss briefly the provisions of this Act. What does Hindu Succession Act Define? The Hindu ... Read More

The Companies Act, 2013 has replaced the older Companies Act, 1965, to make the provisions more in line with the current corporate scenario. The provisions of the older Act were reformed and modernised to adjust to the evolving business world. The new Act is less bulky, consisting of only 29 chapters and 484 sections, unlike its predecessor. It contains seven schedules. The Act was granted the assent of the President on August 29th, 2013 and it came into force in parts on September 12th, 2013 and April 1st, 2014. What does Companies Act Define? The Companies Act of 2013 addresses ... Read More

There has been a long-standing debate on the setting up of exclusive commercial courts in India. The 188th report of the Law Commission (2003) brought attention to the worldwide criticism faced by the Indian Judiciary where the judges of developed countries were raising doubts about the capacity of Indian judges to deliver effective justice. The inordinate delay in the litigation process pestered the litigants who ventured into the Indian legal system. The international judges started hearing civil cases (supposed to come under Indian civil courts) on the grounds of the doctrine of forum non convenes. The Law Commission recommended setting ... Read More

Through its armed forces, such as the army, and its law enforcement organisations, such as the police, the State defends its citizens. When necessary to defend the state and further its interests, these defence troops and agencies are permitted to use lethal force and weapons by the State. Citizens are typically not allowed to use or own firearms or guns since the State is responsible for upholding law and order and providing for national security The Arms Act, 1959, and The Arms Rules, 1962, both ban the sale, manufacture, possession, acquisition, importation, exportation, and transportation of firearms and ammunition unless ... Read More

With increasing financial transactions and requirements of easy banking system, and also to regulate the commercial banking system, parliament has legislated the State Bank of India Act. As result of this, the State Bank of India established On July 1, 1955. What does the State Bank of India Act Define? The State Bank of India is the biggest and oldest commercial bank in the country, which came into existence after the nationalisation of the Imperial Bank of India in 1955. The Imperial Bank of India was the central bank of British India and the government took control of it in ... Read More

In 1934, to regulate the banking sectors and their activities the Reserve Bank of India Act legislated. As a result of this legislation, the Reserve Bank of India, a national bank, was established in the same year. What does the Reserve Bank of India Act Define? The Royal Commission in 1926 recommended the creation of a Central Bank of India. In 1933, the white paper on Indian Constitutional Reforms recommended the creation of the RBI, and a bill to this effect was introduced. The Bill was passed and came into effect on April 1st, 1935, and RBI was established. It ... Read More

Because of unwarranted human activities, the environment is badly affected and ultimately becomes a threat not only for plants, animals, and other small and large organisms, but also for human beings. So, for the conservation of the environment and restoration of the lost biodiversity, parliament has legislated the National Green Tribunal Act. What does the National Green Tribunal Act Define? The 186th report of the Law Commission of India recommended the constitution of special environmental tribunal to deal with issues related to environmental protection, conservation, and speedy disposal of related disputes. Following that, the government introduced in Parliament the National ... Read More

India is the country of many socio-religious groups, and the Indian Constitution protects everyone’s interests on a personal level. However, for such religious groups, whose population is comparatively much smaller, the Constitution has made a separate provision. And, under such provision, parliament has legislated the National Commission for Minorities Act in the year 1992. What does National Commission for Minorities Act Define? In the year 1978, a resolution was passed by the Ministry of Home Affairs to set up a Minorities Commission. In the year 1984, the Commission was put within the purview of the Ministry of Welfare. In 1992, ... Read More