If two or more people (whose ages are 18+) make an agreement and with free will sign the contract, it is considered as valid contract. But in real world, many times, one party is being forced or constrained by corporeal or emotional threat to sign contract; such contract made by force or coercion is voidable contract. What is Meaning of Coercion? Coercion is the act of compelling someone to enter into a contract. When threats or intimidation are used to coerce a party into giving consent, i.e. when it is not voluntary consent. When someone is forced or intimidated ... Read More

The Central Consumer Protection Authority was established to maintain moral corporate practices and protect consumer rights. Deceptive and fraudulent advertising that may hurt customers is also monitored by the competent authorities in order to maintain public interest in the goods or services. The Central Consumer Protection Authority was formed by the government authority in compliance with Section 10(1) of "The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, " according to the statement "Central Consumer Protection Authority." The Central Consumer Protection Authority, which is also responsible for supervising the selling, storage, and distribution processes, is said to have been founded largely to regulate the ... Read More

Burden of proof is one of the most essential elements of Indian legal system. Whether it is civil law system or criminal law system, in both the cases, burden of proof is essential. In criminal cases, burden of proof lies with prosecution whereas in civil cases, burden of proof lies with the person making the claim. What does Exactly Burden of Proof Define? The burden of proof, in its simplest form, refers to the necessity to prove a claim (in civil case) or allegation (in criminal case). Each side has the task of proving the facts that support or contradict ... Read More

The basis of our sustainability is biodiversity. Although industrialised nations are better equipped for research and development, they are not particularly wealthy in biogenetic resources. They employ resources obtained from developing nations' biogenetic databases. Thus, there is a start in the unregulated movement of genetic knowledge from the developing world to the capital-rich west and a protected flow the other way, notably through patents and plant breeders' rights. Both overt and covert effects are present. The loss of biodiversity is one of the most significant long-term apparent manifestations of genetic degradation, which is one of its most significant invisible effects. ... Read More

The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI), founded in 1985, is dedicated to the cause of self-regulation in advertising and the protection of consumers' interests. ASCI was founded with the backing of all four advertising-related sectors: advertisers, advertising agencies, media (including broadcasters and the press), and others such as public relations firms and market research firms. ASCI's heart and soul is the Consumer Complaints Council (CCC). This collection of distinguished individuals has provided significant momentum to ASCI's activities and self-regulation in advertising. Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) Significant features of advertising standards council of India are − The ... Read More

Advertisement at one side gives productive information about the products or services; at the same time, most of the advertisements give false and bogus information to deceive customers. Misleading advertising makes deceptive assertions and misrepresents their products, infringing on the customer's right to know what they are buying. Companies conceal or fudge the pricing of offered items or services in order to attract a large consumer base. Advertised rates frequently fail to convey extra costs and the total cost to the buyer. Companies will sometimes adopt alternative standards to the ones set for their products. This may be ... Read More

Hazardous waste is a complicated issue since it endangers both the environment and human health. Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 were published by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF & CC), formerly known as the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), in accordance with the provisions of the Environment Protection Act, 1986. The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008, which supersede previous notifications, were finalized in 2008 after being updated in the years 2000, 2003, and 1989. The Rules provide matching obligations for various authorities. What is the meaning of Waste? ... Read More

In negotiations and contracts between parties, the word frustration is frequently used to signify defeat or frustration in general. An unsuccessful transaction that was unable to be completed for some reason has caused frustration. One of the most prevalent solutions to broken contracts has been the inclusion of the theory of frustration in contract law. What does Frustration of Contract Define? Frustration of contract is a legal doctrine in which a contract is deemed to be discharged (or terminated) before its agreed time (may be) because the circumstances in which it was made have changed so dramatically (such ... Read More

The term “force majeure” became pretty popular during the covid-19 crisis. The pandemic not only affected the daily lives, businesses, and global economy, but also became the threat of human lives on a global level. The parties could not perform their contractual obligations because of lockdown and health safety restrictions, which usually can be considered as the breach of contract. But to help all these people who are in some sort of contract and not able to perform their part because national and international emergencies, the French term “force majeure” come into picture. What does Exactly “Force Majeure” Describe? ... Read More

The allowed and legal uses of trademarks by people or entities other than the trademark owner are defined in India as trademark fair use and normative use, respectively. These ideas are crucial in achieving a balance between the interests of trademark owners and the general public when using trademarks for diverse things. On the other hand, the primary benefit of a trademark enjoyed by a Registered Proprietor is the right it receives to prevent others from using an identical with and/or deceptively similar trademark. The primary function of a trademark is to operate as a source identifier of ... Read More