Symmetric key cryptography is a type of encryption scheme in which the similar key is used both to encrypt and decrypt messages. Such an approach of encoding data has been largely used in the previous decades to facilitate secret communication between governments and militaries.Symmetric-key cryptography is called a shared-key, secret-key, single-key, one-key and eventually private-key cryptography. With this form of cryptography, it is clear that the key should be known to both the sender and the receiver that the shared. The complexity with this approach is the distribution of the key.Symmetric key cryptography schemes are usually categorized such as stream ... Read More

There are several algorithms of cryptographic which are as follows −Symmetric key Cryptography − In symmetric key cryptography, an individual key is used for both encryption and decryption. The sender needs the key (or some group of rules) to encrypt the plaintext and sends the cipher text to the receiver. The receiver uses the same key (or ruleset) to decrypt the message and restore the plaintext. Because a single key can be used for both functions, symmetric key cryptography is also known as symmetric encryption.Symmetric key cryptography schemes are frequently categorized such as stream ciphers or block ciphers. Stream ciphers ... Read More

A digital signature is a numerical technique which validates the authenticity and integrity of a message, software or digital files. It enables us to test the author name, date and time of signatures, and authenticate the message contents. The digital signature provides far more inherent security and intended to solve the issue of tampering and impersonation (Intentionally copy another person's characteristics) in digital connection.These techniques are designed to support the digital counterpart to handwritten signatures and can be implemented using cryptography. In entity a digital signature of a message is a number dependant on some secret known only to the ... Read More

A Digital Certificate is an electronic "password" that enables a person, organization to transfer data securely over the web using the public key infrastructure (PKI). Digital Certificate is also referred to as public key certificate or identity certificate.Digital certificates play an essential role in maintaining online commerce safe. If the browser alerts a problem with a digital certificate, it is well-advised not to click through. Rather than call the business using a telephone number from the statements or phone book, and inquire as to the problem.Public key encryption need SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to encrypt some data between the customer’s ... Read More

There are three technologies that supports imperative levels of protection against unknown attacks such as software fault isolation, intrusion detection through program analysis, and fine-grained mandated access controls.These technologies distribute an imperative feature: they do not based on the efficient operation of the programs; rather than, they provide a secondary layer of protection should a program be intrude and corrupted. It is applicable that these systems can also enclose flaws; but in order for a victorious apply to take place, both the application and the secondary protection need to be undermined simultaneously. As error will carry on to be patched, ... Read More

A digital certificate is an electronic "password" that enables a person, organization to exchange data securely over the web using the public key infrastructure (PKI). Digital Certificate is also called a public key certificate or identity certificate.A digital signature is a numerically generated code that validates the authenticity of a software, message, or digital document. It needs encryption techniques that are secure to be treated legal and binding in some countries. It guarantees that the file has not been changed during transmission, supporting a layer of security against cyber threats and attacks.When a person makes a digital signature, two more ... Read More

There are various applications of cryptography which are as follows −Secrecy in Transmission − Some existing secrecy systems for transmission access a private key system for converting transmitted data because it is the quickest approach that functions with rational guarantee and low overhead.If the multiple conversing parties is minute, key distribution is implemented periodically with a courier service and key preservation based on physical security of the keys over the method of use and destruction after new keys are disseminated.Secrecy in Storage − Secrecy in storage is frequently preserved by a one-key system where the user provide the key to ... Read More

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a standard protocol used for the protected transmission of files over a network. It is developed by Netscape, SSL technology makes a secure link between a network server and browser to provide private and integral data transmission. SSL needs Transport Control Protocol (TCP) for communication.When using SSL for secure web transactions, a Web server require an SSL certificate to create a secure SSL connection. SSL encrypts network connection segments following the transport layer, which is a network connection element the program layer.SSL follows an asymmetric cryptographic mechanism, in which an internet browser generates a public ... Read More

Cryptography is an automated numerical tool that plays an essential role in network security. It provides the confidentiality and integrity of data and supports authentication and non-repudiation to the users.Cryptography can play some multiple roles in user authentication. Cryptographic authentication systems support authentication capabilities through the need of cryptographic keys known or consumed only by authorized entities. Cryptography also provides authentication through its extensive use in other authentication systems.Password systems apply cryptography to encrypt stored password files, card/token system apply cryptography to secure sensitive stored data, and hand-held password generators often apply cryptography to make random, dynamic passwords.Cryptography is generally ... Read More

Unknown attack category defines a completely new class label that the classifier has not undergone before in the training set. For example, if the classifier was not trained on DoS attacks and undergone DoS attacks in the testing set.There are the technologies that supports imperative levels of protection against unknown attacks including software fault isolation, intrusion detection through program analysis.These technologies distribute an imperative property: they do not based on the efficient operation of the programs. Rather than, they provide a secondary layer of protection should a program be breached and corrupted. It is available that these systems can also ... Read More