DMZ stand for the Demilitarized Zone. It defines a host or network that acts as a secure and intermediate network or path among an organization's internal network and the external, or non-propriety, network. It is called a network perimeter or perimeter network.DMZ is generally implemented to secure an inside network from interaction with and exploitation and access by outside nodes and networks. DMZ can be a logical subnetwork, or a physical network acting as a secure bridge among an inside and outside network.A DMZ network has limited access to the inside network, and some communication is scanned on a firewall ... Read More

There are many creative ways that unscrupulous people use to access or abuse unprotected computers which are as follows −Remote login − When someone is able to connect to the computer and control it in some form. This can range from being able to view or access the document to actually running code on the computer.Application backdoors − Some programs have unique features that enable for remote access. Others include bugs that supports a backdoor, or hidden access that supports some level of control of the program.SMTP session hijacking − SMTP is the most common approach of sending e-mail over ... Read More

A firewall can be represented as a specific type of network security device or a software program that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a represented group of security rules. It facilitates as a barrier between inside private networks and outside sources (such as the public Internet).The objective of a firewall is to enable non-threatening traffic and avoid malicious or unwanted data traffic for securing the computer from viruses and attacks. A firewall is a cybersecurity tool that filters network traffic and supports users block malicious software from accessing the web in infected computers.Firewalls can be ... Read More

Kerberos is a network authentication protocol designed to support powerful authentication for client/server applications using secret-key cryptography. Kerberos provides the largest level of security to network resources.Kerberos was produced by MIT as a solution to these network security issues. The Kerberos protocol uses powerful cryptography so that a user can prove its identity to a server (and vice versa) across an insecure network connection. After a client and server has used Kerberos to determine their identity, they can also encrypt all of their communications to provide privacy and data integrity as they go about their business.Kerberos is openly accessible from ... Read More

PGP creates use of four types of keys including one-time session symmetric keys, Public keys, Private keys, and Passphrase based symmetric keys.Session key generation − Each session key is related to a single message and is used only for the goals of encryption and decrypting that message. Remind that message encryption/decryption is completed with a symmetric encryption algorithm. Considering that it is a 128 bit key that is needed, the random 128 bit numbers are created using CAST-128.The input to the random number generator include as 128-bit key (this is a random number using the keystroke input from the user) ... Read More

PGP includes the following services which are as follows −Authentication − The hash function used is SHA-1 which makes a 160 bit message digest. EP (DP) defines public encryption (decryption) and the algorithm used can be RSA or DSS.The set of SHA-1 and RSA supports an effective digital signature scheme. Because of the strength of RSA the recipient is guaranteed that only the possessor of the connecting private key can make the signature. Because of the strength of SHA-1 the recipient is guaranteed that no one else can create a new message that connects the hash code and therefore the ... Read More

PGP stands for Pretty Good Privacy. It is an encryption program that uses cryptographic privacy and authentication to online communications. PGP is most generally used for maintaining contents of emails encrypted and private. PGP is accessible as a plugin for some e-mail clients, including Claris Emailer, Microsoft Outlook/Outlook Express, and Qualcomm Eudora.PGP needs a digital signature to support integrity, authentication, and nonrepudiation. PGP uses a set of secret key encryption and public key encryption to support privacy. Hence, it can say that the digital signature needs one hash function, one secret key, and two private-public key pairs.PGP can be used ... Read More

Hashing is the procedure of translating a given key into a code. A hash function can be used to substitute the data with a newly generated hash code. Hash algorithms are generally used to offer a digital fingerprint of a file’s contents often used to provide that the file has not been changed by an intruder or virus. Hash functions are also employed by some operating systems to encrypt passwords. Hash functions support a measure of the integrity of a file.Hashing creates use of algorithms that convert blocks of information from a file in a much shorter value or key ... Read More

Public key cryptography is an encryption method that needs a paired public and private key (or asymmetric key) algorithm for secure data communication. Public-key cryptography is also called an asymmetric cryptography. It is a form of cryptography in which a user has a pair of cryptographic keys including public key and a private key.The keys are related numerically, but the private key cannot be changed from the public key. A message encrypted with the public key can be decrypted only with the correlating private key.There are two main branches of public key cryptography are as follows −Public Key Encryption − ... Read More

A stream cipher is an approaches of encryption where a pseudorandom cipher digit stream is mixed with plain text digits. This pseudorandom cipher digit stream is used to each binary digit, one bit at a time. This approach of encryption uses an infinite number of pseudorandom cipher digits per key.A Stream Cipher can be used for symmetric key cryptography, or when the similar key is used to encrypt and decrypt data. A stream cipher encrypts an arbitrary length of plain text, one bit at a time, with an algorithm that needs a key.For this type of encryption to remain secure, ... Read More