We will have a comparison of the specifications of Arduino Uno and the STM32 Blue Pill Board.Arduino UnoRaspberry PiArduino Uno and Raspberry Pi are in different leagues altogether. Arduino is a microcontroller, while R-Pi is a Single Board Computer. R-Pi comes with its own operating system. Arduino has no OS, it can simply run programs compiled for the Arduino platform (which means C and C++ programs in general). There is no point comparing the two, but still let’s see the difference in specs, to drive the point home.Arduino Uno has 2 kB of SRAM. The first model of R-Pi had ... Read More

We will have a comparison of the specifications of Arduino Uno and the Arduino Nano Board.Arduino UnoArduino NanoPlease refer to the table below for the detailed comparison −UnoNanoGeneralDimensions2.7¨ x 2.1¨1.77¨ x 0.7¨Pricing$20-23$20-21ConnectivityI/O Pins1422PWM Pins66Analog Pins68ComputingProcessorATMega328PATmega328Flash Memory32 kB32 kBSRAM2 kB2 kBEEPROM1 kB1 kBClock speed16 MHz16 MHzVoltage Level5V5VUSB ConnectivityStandard A/B USBMini USBCommunicationHardware Serial Ports11SPI SupportYesYesI2C SupportYesYesAs you can see, the Nano board is very similar to Uno, but compact.

We will have a comparison of the specifications of Arduino Uno and the Arduino Mega Board.Arduino UnoArduino MegaPlease refer to the table below −Dimensions Pricing I/O PinsUnoMegaGeneralDimensions2.7¨ x 2.1¨4¨ x 2.1¨Pricing$20-23$36-39ConnectivityI/O Pins1454PWM Pins615Analog Pins616ComputingProcessorATMega328PATmega2560Flash Memory32 kB256 kBSRAM2 kB8 kBEEPROM1 kB4 kBClock speed16 MHz16 MHzVoltage Level5V5VUSB ConnectivityStandard A/B USBStandard A/B USBCommunicationHardware Serial Ports14SPI SupportYesYesI2C SupportYesYes

The important components of the Arduino Uno Board are shown below −The following table contains the description for each of the labels −LabelDescription17-12 V Barrel Jack2Voltage Regulator316 MHz Crystal Oscillator4USB - B Port5Reset Button6Digital Pins7ICSP Pins (SPI can be accessed from here)8ATmega328P microcontroller9Analog Pins10Serial Port TX RX LEDs11USB to UART Conversion IC12Built-in LED (connected to pin 13)

In this article, we will see how to interface Arduino with the MQ-2 gas sensor. MQ2 gas sensor is used for detecting smoke and some flammable gases like LPG, Methane, etc. It changes its resistance depending on the type of the gas. This principle can be used to raise an alarm based on the concentration of the gas.An image of the MQ2 gas sensor is given above. As you can see, it has 4 pins. Out of these the Aout pin gives the Analog voltage in proportion to the gas concentration. Higher the gas concentration, higher the voltage on the ... Read More

In this article we will see how to interface Arduino with the LoRa module E32. LoRa stands for Long Range. It uses license-free sub-GHz RF bands for operation. These bands are different in different countries. In India, the permissible band is 865-867 MHz. LoRa is very ideal for IoT applications thanks to its long range and low power consumption. However, the achievable data rates are limited (0.3 to 27 kbits/second). Longer the range, lower the data rate.The E32 module that we will use looks like the one below. Depending on the frequency the module variant changes. For example, the one ... Read More

Zigbee is a wireless communication protocol targeted for battery powered devices (it has both low power and low cost). It generally operates in the 2.4GHz range (although there are geographic variations), and supports data ranges from 20 to 250 kbits/s.The transmission distance though, is small compared to the likes of LoRa. It is 10 to 100 m, whereas LoRa can transmit over a few kilometers. Another thing to note is that Zigbee communication doesn’t work very well if there is no line of sight between transmitter and receiver.Even minor obstacles have been observed to significantly degrade the communication. Keep these ... Read More

In this article, we will see how to interface Arduino with a GSM Module, and send SMS using the module. You will need the following −Arduino boardA GSM Module (SIM800C, SIM900A, are popular examples, but you can have any other module as well)A GSM (2G) SIM Card, or a 4G SIM Card with 2G fallback option (Jio SIM Cards won’t work for this project)GSM AntennaYou could also get a GSM Module development board, like the one below (the SIM Card Holder is on the other side of the board) −A GSM Module interacts with a microcontroller via UART (see the ... Read More

Queue is a data structure that helps exchange data between different tasks or between tasks and interrupts. It holds a finite number of items (defined at the time of initialization) and operates in the FIFO mode.We will walk through an example that comes in with the FreeRTOS library, to understand queues.You can find the example in − File → Examples → FreeRTOS → StructQueue.In this code, two tasks read analog values from different analog pins, and pass these values in a queue. Another task reads the values from the queue and prints them onto the Serial Monitor. There is a ... Read More

The isGraph() function is very similar to the isPrintable() function in Arduino. The only difference is that isGraph() returns true only if the character being printed has some content.So, blank space gets excluded by isGraph() but included by isPrintable(). All normal characters, numbers, special characters, which have some content will return true when passed through isGraph().SyntaxThe syntax is −isGraph(myChar)Where myChar is the character being checked. A quick question. Will the tab and new line characters return true with isGraph().ExampleValidate your answer with a simple code like below −void setup() {    // put your setup code here, to run once: ... Read More