Oceanography is a comparatively new discipline, which study involves the study of water bodies, its dynamic features and composition, and also the changes that keep happening on a regular basis. In other words, it can be also said that oceanography is the subject that helps to understand the distribution of oceans and seas, the phenomena happening in and around, and their contribution to influencing and shaping the world climate system. What is the Meaning of Oceanography? The term “oceanography” is originally taken from Greek words- (from Ancient Greek ‘ōkeanós, ’ which means ocean and ‘graphḗ, ’ which means ... Read More

Geography is one of the interdisciplinary subjects that covers not only the ancient part, natural activities, landforms, formations, human races and settlements, and economic activities, but also keeps updated with new developments. Because of such reasons, the study areas of geography keep increasing. One such modern branch of geography is integrated geography. What is the Meaning of Integrated Geography? Integrated geography is an interdisciplinary and relatively modern branch of geography that focuses on the study that combines physical geography and human geography and creates a holistic understanding of the relationship between humans and their environment. Branches and Scopes ... Read More

Human Geography is one of the major branches of geography that focuses on the study of spatial distribution of human population and also analyses and interprets socio-cultural practices, languages, occupations, and the ways of governance. Furthermore, human geography also studies the inter-relationship between the socio-cultural environment of human beings and their physical environment. Likewise, the topics that human geography includes are, social, cultural, economic, historical, political, and even environmental. Study of Human Geography Involves Social Geography it studies the structure, composition, and spatial distribution of the human population, which includes, caste system of society, religious affairs, stratification of society, ... Read More

Geomorphology is a comparatively new discipline, which subject matters are related to many other subjects of science, such as geology, physics, physical geography, etc. In other words, it can be also said that geomorphology is the subject that helps to understand many phenomena studied in some subject of science including, geo-physics, geo-chemistry, physical geology, and of course, physical geography. What is the Meaning of Geomorphology? The term “geomorphology” is basically taken from Greek words- ‘geo’ meaning Earth, secondly, ‘morphē’ meaning forms, and lastly ‘logus’ meaning description. Likewise, it is considered as description of surface forms of the Earth. Because ... Read More

Geography is the study of "space" and "areal differentiation, " which includes the entire planet Earth (in general) and each unique region, with their characteristics, relief features, climate, weather, and almost every other feature, whether living or non-living (in particular). And, when we talk about planet earth as a whole, then obviously, it does not include only the physical aspects of the earth but also the social-cultural aspects, which directly include human beings and their socio-economic activities. Interestingly, the socio-economic activities of human beings are always under the influence of many geographic factors. On the other hand, all the ... Read More

Geography, as a discipline, is described as spatial science (study of space), as it explains the physical (in the form of Physical Geography) and cultural (in the form of Human Geography) aspects of the planet Earth and also attempts to establish the relationships between them. And, because of such interdisciplinary characteristics, geography is one of the few subjects that has an integral relationship with almost every subject of natural science as well as social science. However, in this article, we will focus exclusively on its relationship with natural science. Geography’s Relationship with Natural Science In order to understand, how geography ... Read More

“Geography studies the differences of phenomena usually related in different parts of the earth’s surface.” Hettner Geography is one of the disciplines, which has multiple colours and perspectives, as it keeps integral relation with all the subjects of science as well as social science. However, many people have misconceptions about geography is—geography is all about studying the location of different regions and places on the earth’s surface. But this interpretation of geography as a discipline is just an introduction to geography as a subject. In fact, starting from the evolution of universe, then our solar system, then all the planets ... Read More

In the past few years, the subject of environmental concern has drawn greater attention from all around. Amidst all this, geography is one of the disciplines that has an unavoidable and inseparable relationship with the environment. This is how the importance of environmental geography became one of the top concerns for everyone in general. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the impacts of human activities on the environment have become more ostensible. Pollution, global warming, climate change, and biodiversity loss are just a few of the challenges that require serious attention from the international government, policymakers, researchers, and ... Read More

Climatology is a comparatively new discipline, which study involves the study of atmosphere, its dynamic structure and composition, and also the changes that keep on happening on regular basis. In other words, it can be also said that climatology is the subject that helps to understand various atmospheric phenomena such as weather systems, varying temperatures, various levels of winds, climate change, etc. What is the Meaning of Climatology? The term “climatology” is basically taken from Greek words- ‘klima, ’ which means "place, zone"; and ‘logus’ meaning description or study. Likewise, climatology is the branch of physical geography (and also ... Read More

Geography is one of the disciplines which has an inseparable relationship with both natural science (i.e. physical geography) and social science (i.e. human geography). And interestingly, these two categories of geography are not dependent on each other, but rather have a distinct and independent identity. So, in this article, we will study the two branches of geography, namely, physical geography (related to natural science) and human geography (related to social science). Classification of Geography Primarily, following are the two approaches that have been adopted to cassify geography − Systematic Approach Alexander von Humboldt, the German geographer (1769–1859), first introduced ... Read More