A voltage variable capacitance of a reverse biased junction can be termed as a Varactor diode. A varactor diode is a semiconductor device in which the junction capacitance can be varied as a function of the reverse bias of the diode.The CV characteristics of a typical Varactor diode and its symbols are shown in the below figure.The junction capacitance depends on the applied voltage and junction design. If the junction is reverse biased, the mobile carriers deplete the junction, resulting in some capacitance, where the diode behaves as a capacitor, with junction acting as a dielectric. The capacitance decreases with ... Read More

Generally, if the frequency of a signal or a particular band of signals is high, the bandwidth utilization is high as the signal provides more space for the other signals to get accumulated. But the high-frequency signals can’t travel long distances without getting attenuated. We have studied the transmission lines that help the signals to travel longer distances.A WaveguideMicrowaves propagate through microwave circuits, components and devices, which act as a part of Microwave transmission lines, broadly called as Waveguides.DefinitionA hollow metallic tube of the uniform cross section for transmitting electromagnetic waves by successive reflections from the inner walls of the ... Read More

Many ask a question that “How come the second month itself got so short when there are still 10 on the list?”Someone wiser crack a pun saying, “The month of love is short just like it”. However, there is always this question. Why is February shorter?The present-day calendar is actually loosely based on old and confusing Roman’s calendar, which was made by the Roman kings. It was also said that, as Romans honored the dead and performed the rites during February, implying its name Februare meaning “to purify”.It All Started When...The calendar of Romulus which was used during 8th century ... Read More

Electromagnetic Spectrum has all the ranges of electromagnetic radiation. Radiation is the energy that travels and spreads out, as it propagates. Of all the waves, Microwaves are a special type of electromagnetic radiation that is used in many ways from cooking simple popcorn to study the nearby galaxies !!!ApplicationsThere are a wide variety of applications for Microwaves, which are not possible for other radiations. They are:Wireless CommunicationsFor long distance telephone callsBluetoothWiMAX operationsIn Outdoor broadcasting transmissionsIn broadcast auxiliary servicesRemote pickup unitStudio/transmitter linkDirect broadcast satellite (DBS)Personal communication systems (PCSs)Wireless local area networks (WLANs)Cellular video systems (CV)Automobile collision avoidance systemElectronicsFast jitter-free switchesPhase shiftersHF ... Read More

Among the freshwater Aquarium fishes, the Blue Paradise Fish or the Paradise Gourami is the most acclaimed one after the famous Goldfish. This beautiful small fish, which belongs to gourami family has a scientific name called as Macropodus opercularis. The male fish of this bright coloured species grows up to 10cm, while the female grows to 8cm. These were the first ornamental fishes brought to western aquariums which were also imported to France during 1869.A WarriorThis small beauty is most pugnacious in nature. Paradise fish can combat, fight and is also potential to kill. This fish tends to fight with ... Read More

As a Shadow is always present on the opposite side, a rain shadow is also present on the opposite side of the rain. A rain shadow region is the leeward side which is opposite to the windward side.What Happens?The wind over a water body like sea or river is usually cooler than the wind on the land. The cooler wind is denser containing a good amount of water molecules and hence is present at a lower level, while the warmer wind is lighter and raises up. The wind over the water bodies sometimes travels over the land carrying water molecules ... Read More

The Metro rail system that was recently set up at Hyderabad has a special symbol called Niz. This was made in the remembrance of the Nizam king who once ruled this city. The Hyderabad Metro officials have also knitted a story to this little character, symbolizing the youth of Hyderabad, as they didn’t want to remain Niz as a mere symbol.What’s the Story?According to the story, Niz who was born in 1985 in Hyderabad is a descendant of Nizams, who has pursued his engineering from IIT Delhi. He then went to the US and pursued his graduation in the School ... Read More

Philosophy is the defined way of thinking about a concept that would end up in a theory. A person, a group or a nation having a similar ideology can finally make out a theory which would be of major concern. Philosophy can kindle thinking in human beings, which ends up in realizing the existing indifferences.This realization would someday lead to a revolution, where the thought becomes an ideology that influences a major group. Revolutions are thoughts carried into action. When Philosophy ignites thoughts, they come into actions in the form of Revolutions.Past Says It AllWhen looked back into the history, ... Read More

Buddhism is one of the popular religions in the world today. Siddhartha Gautama, the royal prince of Kapilavastu, of India, was the founder of Buddhism. Siddhartha left all the comforts to seek the answers for the cause of human sufferings. He wandered the country, and meditated for six years and became the enlightened one, called as Buddha.He lived during 500 BCE. The place where he was enlightened is called Bodh Gaya, situated in Bihar. Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath near Varanasi. The Indian Originated Buddhism has spread throughout the Asian countries and gradually even to other corners ... Read More

The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on April 26, 1986, at Chernobyl nuclear power plant built at the banks of Pripyat river of Ukraine. A nuclear meltdown in one of the reactors caused a fire that sent a plume of radioactive fallout that eventually spread all over Europe. It is the only accident in the history of commercial nuclear power to cause fatalities from radiation.Effects of the RadiationTwo workers died on the spot. One immediately got burnt to ashes after the accident, while the other got expired at a hospital within a few hours of admission.28 emergency ... Read More