Introduction Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) is used to wrap one protocol packet within another protocol packet. It is a tunneling technology that is used to encapsulate other protocols into IP packets, including IP, IPX, and AppleTalk. This encapsulation's goal is to enable data transfer across an IP network that would otherwise be impossible because of network limitations. Through the usage of GRE tunnels, two network devices may virtually connect to one another through an IP network, such as the Internet. The old packet is encapsulated in the new IP packet by the GRE tunnel, which also inserts a new ... Read More

Introduction Global Research Alliance (GRA) is a coalition of nations working together to solve the issues of climate change and sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate solutions to boost food production while lowering greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, the GRA was established in 2009. The GRA, which has 64 members that include both developed and developing countries, strives to encourage cooperation in the research, development, and demonstration of cutting-edge methods and technologies that may lower emissions and boost agricultural output. The GRA conducts research in a variety of fields, including agroforestry, soil carbon sequestration, livestock management, and ... Read More

Introduction General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service that offers cellular network users access to the internet. In comparison to the previous circuit-switched data services, GPRS allowed for the transmission of data in small, packetized forms, which was a significant improvement. This made data services more accessible and affordable by allowing users to be charged for data usage based on the volume of data transmitted rather than the length of the connection. For low-bandwidth applications like machine-to-machine communication, GPRS is still in use today as a stepping stone to the faster 3G and 4G mobile networks. ... Read More

Introduction GNU's Not Unix (GNU) is a variety of software is included in the GNU project, including the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), the GNU Debugger (GDB), the GNU C Library (glibc), and several more crucial tools for software development. The GNU General Public License (GPL), which guarantees that anybody is free to use, modify, and distribute the software, is one of the program's distinguishing characteristics. The GPL must also be used to licence any derivative works of the program, which helps to maintain the product's free and open-source nature. History of GNU Richard Stallman started the GNU project in ... Read More

Introduction Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) is a specific form of digital modulation used in communication systems to effectively transfer data across a channel with limited capacity. A signal with a consistent envelope and a very small spectral range is produced using the frequency shift keying method known as GMSK by modifying signal transitions with a Gaussian filter. Because of this, GMSK is especially suitable for mobile communication systems like GSM, where maintaining availability and improving power economy are essential. Other wireless communication technologies, like DECT, Bluetooth, and Zigbee, also use GMSK. Advantages of GMSK In communication systems, Gaussian ... Read More

Introduction Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) is the process of altering DNA and naturally occurring protein production to create medically important proteins and proteins for other uses. A gene is extracted from an organism and replaced with DNA from the same or another organism. The DNA thus produced is called rDNA or Recombinant DNA and the procedure is called recombinant DNA technology. This field of study is the major part of Biotechnology. Biotechnology can be defined as the application of biological factors to scientific and engineering principles to provide better products and services. Definition of GMO In early times, genetic ... Read More

Introduction Generalized Least Squares (GLS) is an extended method used to determine the parameters in a regression model. The ordinary least squares (OLS) approach, which assumes that the errors in the model are uncorrelated and have a constant variance. The model's faults, however, may not be independent and may have significant variances in numerous real-world settings. In order to correct for the correlation and heteroscedasticity in the errors, GLS incorporates a weighting matrix into the regression model. This makes it possible to estimate the parameters more precisely and improve the fit of the data. In econometrics, finance, and other ... Read More

Introduction Geographic Information Systems (GIS) A computer system known as a geographic information system, or GIS, connects location-specific data to a map. It displays patterns and relationships using maps. GIS enables us to comprehend, explore, analyse, and visualise data to show connections, patterns, and trends. It enables us to enquire into our world and discover its mysteries. GIS combines many types of information. It stores maps and layers of information describing features on the Earth. It then lets us query that data to retrieve information, create maps, and analyze the spatial relationships within the data. GIS is used for ... Read More

Introduction Government Internal Revenue Order (GIRO) is a payment conspire that permits individuals or businesses to authorize their banks to deduct cash from their accounts on a standard premise to pay for government-related fees, taxes, or bills. To set up a GIRO arrangement, the account holder needs to total an application shape and yield it to the relevant government agency or utility company. The account holder's bank will then deduct the required amount on the due date and exchange it to the government office or utility company's account. GIRO is a convenient and hassle-free way to oversee payments, because ... Read More

Introduction GGSN or Gateway GPRS Support Node performs key duties like Quality of Service (QoS) management, packet filtering, and data consumption invoicing. Additionally, it is in charge of assigning IP addresses to mobile devices and managing how they travel throughout the network. Mobile devices can access packet data services like internet browsing, email, and other data-intensive applications owing in major part to the GGSN. Without the GGSN, mobile devices linked to the GPRS network could not exchange data with other external data networks. The GGSN does something similar by routing data packets received from external networks to the correct ... Read More