Introduction Water is absorbed by plant roots from the soil and by human kidneys from the blood as examples of osmosis. Osmosis occurs without the need for energy in a natural way, but it requires energy to reverse the process. A semi-permeable membrane is impermeable to the majority of dissolved salts, organics, microorganisms, and other contaminants. What is Reverse Osmosis? Water is demineralized or deionized via the reverse osmosis technique, often known as RO, which involves forcing the water under pressure through a semi-permeable Reverse osmosis Membrane. You must first comprehend the naturally occurring process of osmosis in order to ... Read More

Introduction RIP is one of the oldest routing protocols in the history of networks. The RIP protocol uses a distance vector algorithm which helps in determining which path a packet (data) should take in order to reach its destination. Each router maintains a routing table which lists all the paths that the router should know to deliver the packets. This routing table gets updated by routers at regular intervals of time by broadcasting its whole table to its neighbour routers. Typically every 30 seconds, RIP routers update their routing tables. What is RIP Routing Information Protocol'' (RIP) is a ... Read More

Introduction An effective file format for lossless, portable, and well-compressed bitmap storage is Portable Network Graphics (PNG). It may be read and exchanged between computers with ease and requires little storage capacity. The GIF format can be replaced with the Portable Network Graphics format, which can also be used in place of the TIFF format for many common applications. The Portable Network Graphics format is fully streamable and has a progressive display option, making it ideal for online viewing, such as on the Web. All formats and functionality may not be supported by all web browsers. If you want ... Read More

Introduction PDF files are created using software such as Adobe Acrobat, Acrobat Capture, or similar tools. Acrobat Reader is necessary to view and use the files. When you download the reader, it launches every time you attempt to access a PDF file. PDF files are very useful for documents where you want to keep the original graphic appearance online, such as newspaper columns, document formats, flyers, and so on. In this article, we will learn about PDF in depth. What is a PDF ? Portable Document Format is the official term for PDF. Abode created the PDF file format ... Read More

Introduction PDA which stands for Personal Digital Assistant is a handheld device that is usually used for business use or personal use. It is used to keep schedules, information such as address books and calendars. They are also used for storing information and computing. Almost all the PDAs that existed used to have a physical keyboard which was small in size. Some of them used to have a small sensitive pad that could be used to detect handwriting to make easy notes. Basic Features of PDAs Displays The displays were very similar to the laptop screens at the time. ... Read More

Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)-Introduction An automated switch called an MCB activates when too much current is flowing through the circuit. Without any manual replacement, it can be closed again. When fuses have performed as intended in the past, MCBs, or "Miniature Circuit Breakers, " must be installed in place of them for improved safety and control. We will learn more about miniature circuit breakers, structure of MCB in household circuits, importance of MCB, types of MCB. What is a Miniature Circuit Breaker? A miniature circuit breaker (MCB) is an electrical switch that automatically shuts off the electrical circuit when ... Read More

Introduction The High Definition Multimedia Interface is one of the most popular audio/video interfaces for transferring digital audio and video from sources that support HDMI. Display controllers, compatible computer monitors, videoprojectors, digital televisions, and digital audio equipment are some examples of these gadgets. The analog video standards have been replaced by the digital standard of HDMI. Televisions, computer monitors, home entertainment systems, video displays, and many more audio-visual devices all use the HDMI interface. Due to the performance of the HDMI interface, the system is suitable for the very high data rates that must now be exchanged between components in home ... Read More

Introduction When computer and storage technology was under development, there was a great demand for high-capacity portable storage devices which can easily help in porting high intensive content such as Operating Systems, HD Quality videos or movies, and large software programmes. It was mainly developed and invented by four companies Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs provide higher capacity storage than CDs (Compact Disk) and can be played in multiple media players such as DVD players. What is DVD ? DVD stands for Digital Video Disk or Digital Versatile Disk, ... Read More

Introduction DTP usually refers to the term Desk-Top Publishing, it means the creation of publishing content or documents using your personal computer or in other words your desktop. There is much software available for creating documents in various formats such as .docx (document made by using MS Word), .pdf (Portable Document Format), .txt (Simple text file), etc. Another full form of DTP is Distributed Transaction Processing, which is a database transaction processing that shares multiple network hosts. Desktop Publishing - History The first DTP was developed in 1870 by Xerox PARC, but only started getting into common knowledge by 1978 ... Read More

Introduction The process of creating, altering, analyzing, or optimizing a design with the help of computers (or workstations) and also using computers to assist with engineering and design for a wide range of projects across numerous industries is known as computer- aided design (CAD). Computer-aided geometric design (CAD) is another procedure that is comparable to CAGD. CAD's goals are to boost productivity and enhance design quality and amount of detail. It also aims to optimize and streamline the designer's process and improve documentation. Types of computer-aided design 2D CAD The first CAD software was created in the early 1970s ... Read More