Introduction Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) collaborates closely with the Indian government, industry, and other stakeholders to establish a supportive policy climate for businesses to succeed. It promotes policy adjustments and reforms to boost the ease of doing business, improve the business climate, and foster innovation and entrepreneurship. Its headquarters are in New Delhi, India, where it was founded in 1895. Large, medium, and small businesses, global firms, and industry groups make up the organization's more than 9, 000 members. Members of this group come from a range of industries, including manufacturing, services, and infrastructure. Objectives and Mission The ... Read More

Introduction Crime Investigation Department (CID) is a branch department of the State Police Services in India. It was established in 1902 by the British Government following the recommendation of Police Commissioners which was based on the CID of British Police Forces. Its main function is to investigate, evaluate and scrutinize the most complicated cases of the state. It has several wings working under it like Crime Branch, Finger Print Bureau, Anti- Narcotics, Anti-Human Trafficking & Missing Person Wing, and Anti-Terror Squad. Out of all, Crime Branch is a special CID wing headed by the ADGP (Additional Director General of ... Read More

Introduction Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is the primary foreign Intelligence and surveillance organization of the United States government. which was initially established in 1947. Just one of the director and deputy director positions at the CIA may be held by a military officer. The CIA is controlled by the Director of Central Intelligence or DCIA, who also acts as the director of national intelligence. History and Evolution Harry S. Truman's signed the National Security Act in 1947 which resulted in the establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Establishing a civilian intelligence agency in charge of gathering sensitive information ... Read More

Introduction Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is a well-recognized scoring and evaluation system which is acknowledged worldwide. Whether a student is applying for a job or higher education acquiring minimum CGPA is always the basic eligibility. The range of CGPA differs in various countries and educational systems. In this article we will briefly discuss CGPA, method of calculating CGPA, advantages and disadvantages of using CGPA and its conversion to other grading systems. Definition and Meaning A student’s academic strength can be measured through the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). This calculation gives an overall understanding of the academic achievements ... Read More

Introduction Combined Graduate Level (CGL) examination is one of the most popular competitive exams conducted by the SSC in India. Every year, the CGL exam draws thousands of candidates from all around India. Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, and Tier IV make up the exam's four stages. Eligibility Criteria The eligibility criteria for the CGL examination conducted by the SSC are as follows − Nationality − The applicant must be a Tibetan refugee who entered India prior to January 1, 1962 with the intention of settling permanently there, an Indian citizen, a Nepalese or Bhutanese subject, or a ... Read More

Introduction Combined Finance and Revenue Accounts (CFRA) is a financial reporting framework that combines financial and revenue information into a single statement. CFRA is designed to provide a more comprehensive view of a company's financial performance by including both financial and revenue-related information in a single document. This framework is based on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and requires that all revenue and financial information be reported in accordance with these principles. CFRA is commonly used in the public sector, particularly by government agencies and departments, as a means of reporting financial and revenue information in a more transparent ... Read More

Introduction Cold Fusion Markup Language (CFML) is a web programming language used for building dynamic web applications. It was created by Allaire Corporation (now Adobe Systems) in the mid-1990s and is now maintained by Adobe Systems. CFML is a tag-based language, which means that it uses HTML-like tags to define the structure and behavior of web pages. The history of CFML Here's a year-wise history of CFML − 1995 − CFML was created by Jeremy and JJ Allaire as a tool for developing dynamic web applications 1996 − The first version of ColdFusion was released, which allowed developers ... Read More

Introduction Continuous Fuel Injection (CFI) is a type of current fuel injection system that is utilised in inner combustion engines. CFI systems provide the engine with fuel in a regular and accurate manner, in comparison to traditional carbureted engines. This technology allows for an extra efficient and managed combustion process, resulting in increased fuel economy, decreased emissions, and greater engine overall performance. CFI systems are substantially employed in modern petrol and diesel engines and depend on advanced sensors and computer control to regulate the petrol injection rate and timing to optimise engine performance under numerous riding circumstances. Overall, CFI ... Read More

Introduction Circuit Emulation Service (CES) is a networking technology that allows TDM (Time division Multiplexing) circuits to be transported over packet-based networks such as IP (internet Protocol). It works by emulating the behaviour of traditional TDM circuits over an IP network, allowing enterprises to use their existing TDM-based equipment and infrastructure while taking advantage of the advantages of packet-based networks. CES basically converts TDM traffic into packets and then transports them over a packet- based total network. This conversion is done using specialised hardware or software called CES devices or CES gateways, which act as an interface between the ... Read More

Introduction Codeword Error Ratio (CER) is used as statistic for effectiveness of communication systems when transmitting records through noisy channels. It measures the quantity of codewords misplaced or broken at some stage in transmission and is expressed as a percentage of the entire quantity of codewords delivered. CER is extensively used to evaluate transmission quality and enhance system performance in digital communication systems such as wireless networks and satellite communication systems. Engineers can increase system dependability and decrease the occurrence of data transmission errors by monitoring CER. History The development of digital communication systems has been closely linked to ... Read More