Found 1006 Articles for Electronics & Electrical

In electrical power system, electrical earthing is one of the most important concept used to provide safety and protection to both human and equipment. Electrical earthing, also called as grounding, is basically a path of very low-resistance between the electrical equipment/system and the earth surface. The main purpose of electrical earthing in an electrical system is to provide a safe path for leakage electric current to flow into the earth’s conductive surface to reduce the risk of electrical accidents. Therefore, electrical earthing is an efficient and reliable way of protecting electrical equipment, individuals, and premises against electrical faults ... Read More

The automotive industry is undergoing a major revolution in the method we power our vehicle. The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and electric vehicle (EV) are at the leading position of this revolution. The fundamental difference between hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle is that electric vehicle relies only on electric batteries as energy source, while hybrid electric vehicle uses both fuel and electricity as the energy source. In this article, we will explore the other major differences between hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle. But before that let’s briefly get their overview individually. What is a ... Read More

In digital electronics, block coding is a technique of encoding data into a specific format. It is mainly used to detect and correct errors occurred in the information during transmission and storage. This is done by adding a block code of redundant information to the main data. Block coding is mainly employed to create a robust method of data transmission and storage. In the block coding, data is encoded by splitting it into multiple blocks of a fixed size and applying encoding techniques to each of these blocks separately. In block coding, the input data is taken ... Read More

In digital electronics, a D/A converter, also called Digital-to-Analog Converter, is an electronic device that converts digital signal inputs into analog signal outputs. Depending on the polarity of output signals, D/A converters can be classified into two types namely, Unipolar-Output D/A Converters and Bipolar-Output D/A Converters. A unipolar-output D/A converter can produce only positive analog signals as output, whereas a bipolar-output D/A converter can produce both positive and negative analog signals as output. In this tutorial, we will discuss bipolar-output D/A converts, along with their construction, types, working, advantages, and applications. So, let’s start with the basic definition ... Read More

A DAC or Digital to Analog Converter is an electronic circuit that converts a digital input signal into an analog output signal. DACs are essential devices widely used in signal processing and communication systems. A digital to analog converter accepts signal input in the form of binary digits, i.e. 0 and 1 and generates output in the form of a continuous signal. Types of Digital-to-Analog Converters Based on construction and working principle, DACs are mainly classified into the following two types: Binary Weighted Resistor DAC ... Read More

HDMI and USB are two popular interfaces used for connecting devices and peripherals with computers and other electronic devices. The fundamental difference between HDMI and USB is that USB (Universal Serial Bus) is an interface designed for data transfer, while HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is designed for transferring high-quality audio and video signals. In this article, we will discuss the important differences between HDMI and USB. But before discussing the differences, let us first get an overview of HDMI and USB individually. What is HDMI? HDMI is an acronym for High-Definition Multimedia Interface. HDMI is a digital interface designed to transfer high-quality ... Read More

In digital electronics, a flip-flop is a most elementary memory element used in several electronic circuit to store 1-bit information. A flip-flop is a basically a bistable multivibrator having two stable states. Flip-flops are made up of an interconnection of logic gates. However, a logic gate itself does not storage capability, but when several logic gates are arranged in a specific manner, they can store information. Also, flip-flop is the most fundamental building block of sequential logic circuits. The block diagram representation of a typical flip-flop is shown in Figure-1. A flip-flop has one or more inputs and two ... Read More

Let's start this article with a brief introduction of JK flip-flop and its block diagram and truth table, before moving on to discuss the race-around condition. JK Flip-Flop JK flip-flops is a one-bit storage device which has two stable states. The block diagram representation of a JK flip-flops is shown in Figure-1. It has two inputs specified by "J" and "K", one clock input for synchronization of the circuit, and two outputs represented by Q and Q'. When clock signal is absent, the output of the JK flip-flop is independent of the inputs J and K. When the clock ... Read More

In digital electronics, an encoder is a combinational logic circuit which accepts inputs as decimal digits and alphabetic characters, and produces the outputs as the coded representation of the inputs. In other words, an electronic combinational circuit that converts numbers and symbols into their corresponding coded format is called an encoder. The operation performed by the encoder is called encoding which is a process of converting familiar numbers and characters into their equivalent codes. An encoder has 2n input lines and n-output lines. At a time, only one of the 2n input lines is activated. The coded output of the ... Read More

What is a Multiple Digit Decimal Display? A type of electronic display which is used to show multiple digits of decimal numbers is called a multiple digit decimal display. A most extensively used type of multiple digit decimal display in digital systems is a 4-digit display. The 4-digitl display is able to display decimal numbers between 0 and 9999 (largest 4 digit number). The most common application of these multiple digit decimal displays is in digital calculators, digital watches and clocks, and in many other electronic devices that need to display information in the form of decimal numbers. Let us ... Read More