The process of sending data between two or more digital devices is known as data transmission. Data is transmitted between digital devices using one of the two methods − serial transmission or parallel transmission.In serial transmission, data bits are sent one after the other across a single channel. Parallel data transmission distributes numerous data bits through various channels at the same time.What is Serial Transmission?A serial transmission transfers data one bit at a time, consecutively, via a communication channel or computer bus in telecommunication and data transmission. On the other hand, parallel communication delivers multiple bits as a single unit ... Read More

Both Synchronous and Asynchronous Sequential Circuits are types of sequential circuits that use feedback for the next output generation. On the basis of the type of this feedback, both circuits can be differentiated. A sequential circuit is one whose output depends upon both present and past inputs. The classification of sequential circuits into synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits is done on the basis of their triggering. In a synchronous sequential circuit, the changes in all the state variables are synchronized with the universal clock signal. In contrast, in an asynchronous sequential circuit, the changes in all the state variables are ... Read More

In digital electronics, both combinational and sequential circuits are the most widely used circuits. These are two broad categories of circuits defined in the digital electronics where one type of circuit is independent of time and other is dependent on time. Read this article to find out more about combinational circuits and sequential circuits and how these two circuits are different from each other. Let's start with a basic overview of combinational and sequential circuits so that it becomes easier to understand how they are different from each other. What is a Combinational Circuit? A combinational circuit is one whose ... Read More

Both Magnetic Tape and Magnetic Disk are the type of non-volatile magnetic memory and used to store the data. On the basis of architecture and features we can distinguish between both Magnetic Tape Memory and Magnetic Disk Memory. Following are the important differences between Magnetic Tape Memory and Magnetic Disk Memory.Sr. No.KeyMagnetic Tape MemoryMagnetic Disk Memory1DefinitionMagnetic tape is type of non-volatile memory uses thin plastic ribbon is used for storing data and as data use to be stored on ribbon so data read/write speed is slower due to which is mainly used for data backups.On other hand Magnetic Disk is ... Read More

Tag identification layer of Electronic Product Code (EPC) Gen 2 lays down the method by which the readers can receive the identifiers from the tags. EPC Gen 2 (second generation) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) network has two main components, tags and readers. RFID tags are affixed on objects with EPC encoded on them for identification. EPC helps to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them. Readers are the intelligent part of the system that tracks the tags. The tag identification layer addresses the multiple access problem of getting messages from unknown number of tags.Working PrincipleIn ... Read More

Backscatter is a method that uses an incident radio-frequency (RF) signal to transmit data without a battery or power source. It employs passive reflection and modulation of the incoming RF signal, and converts it into tens or hundreds of microwatts of electricity, that can be encoded for data communications.It differs from other wireless communications since the communication is half duplex in nature, i.e. both the sender and receiver cannot transmit simultaneously. The mains advantage of backscattering is that it’s low energy requirements and low complexity of deployment.Architecture of backscatter communicationsA basic backscatter communication system has two main components: tags, and ... Read More

Physical layer of Electronic Product Code (EPC) Gen 2 defines method of transmission of bits across the network. EPC is a universal identifier encoded on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them. The second generation of this technology, as laid down by EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, is called EPC Gen 2.EPC Gen 2 RFID network has two main components, tags and readers. Tags are affixed on objects that enables them to be identified or tracked. Readers are the intelligent part of the system that tracks the tags. The physical ... Read More

EPC or Electronic Product Code is a universal identifier that are encoded on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them. The second generation of this technology, as laid down by EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, is called EPC Gen 2.The architecture of EPC Gen 2, RFID network has two main components −Tags or labels − They are affixed on objects so that they can be identified or tracked.Readers or interrogators − They are the intelligent part of the system that tracks the tags.The architecture is shown as below −RFID tags ... Read More

Electronic Product Code (EPC) is a universal identifier that aims to render a unique identity to every possible physical object of the world. EPCs are mostly encoded on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags that are used to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them.EPC is the 96–bit number associated with an RFID tag for identifying a particular tag amongst other tags. It distinguishes two identical products, and also provide the product’s manufacture date, origin or batch number.The EPC structure is laid down by EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, an open standard freely defined by EPCglobal Inc.EPC ... Read More

Subtitled files are allowing hackers to read your information. These files are targeted for malicious software attacks that are being used to control devices like (Smart TV, Computer and Mobile Device). Check Point researchers has discovered this vulnerability.People generally wish to see subtitles for translated movies. However, hackers are taking advantage of this and exploiting viewers in a rather shocking way.A team Check Point has discovered this vulnerability in the four most used media player applications, where hackers are able to access viewers device via vulnerabilities via PC, Smart TV or Mobile device with the code inserted in the subtitles.The ... Read More