In digital electronics, a flip-flop is a most fundamental memory element used in several electronic circuit to store 1-bit information. A flip-flop is a basically a bistable multivibrator having two stable states. Flip-flops are made up of a combination of logic gates. However, a logic gate itself cannot store information, but when several logic gates are connected in a specific manner, they can store information. Also, flip-flop is the most elementary building block of all sequential logic circuits. The block diagram representation of a flip-flop is shown in Figure-1. A flip-flop has one or more inputs and two outputs, ... Read More

What is a Decoder? A decoder is a combinational logic circuit that converts an N-bit binary input code into a 2N output lines such that only one output line will be active for each one of the possible combinations of inputs. The block diagram of a decoder is shown in Figure-1. Here, A, B, C, etc. are the input lines, Y0, Y1, Y2, … etc. are the output lines, and E is the enable input of the decoder. In this article, we will discuss cascading of decoders. Cascading of Decoders means the process of realizing a higher order decoder ... Read More

What is S-R Flip-Flop? In digital electronics, the S-R flip-flop is a sequential logic circuit that have two inputs, i.e. S and R, and two outputs, i.e. Q and Q'. The input S represent "Set" and the input R represents "Reset". The output Q is the normal output of the flip-flop, and Q' is the inverted output of the flip-flop, it is the complement of the normal output Q of the flip-flop. The S-R flip flop is a one-bit storage device used in several digital electronics systems. The basic block diagram of an S-R flip-flop is shown in Figure-1. ... Read More

In a normal JK flip flop, there is a problem of race around condition when both inputs, i.e. J and K are equal to 1. To overcome this problem, a modified version of JK flip flop is developed which is called master-slave JK flip flop. In other words, the problem of race around is avoided by operating the JK flop in master and slave modes. The Master-Slave J-K Flip Flop is basically a combination of two JK flip flops which are connected in the series manner as shown in the following figure. In the series combination of two JK ... Read More

In digital electronics, a counter is a type of sequential circuit which is made up of flip-flops and is used to count number of clock pulses or events occur over time. There are two major types of counters namely, binary counter and non-binary counter. This article is meant for explaining concept of non-binary counter, its types, design procedure, applications, etc. So let’s begin with the basic definition of non-binary counter. What is a Non-Binary Counter? The type of digital counter that uses a number system (such as base 3, base 7, base 10, etc.) except the binary number system (base ... Read More

In industries, master-slave digital clock is a digital clock system widely used for precise and coordinated time-keeping. In this article, we will discuss the construction, working, advantages, and applications of the master slave digital clock. Thus, let us start with the basic introduction of the master-slave digital clock. What is a Master-Slave Digital Clock? A type digital clock system which consists of a master-clock and one or more slave-clocks is referred to as a master slave digital clock. The master clock performs a function of sending a timing signal to the slave clocks, so that the slave clocks can ... Read More

A digital counter is a sequential logic circuit which counts the number of clock pulses or events that occur over time. Now, let us discuss the lockout condition in counter. What is Lockout Condition in Counter? In digital counters, the condition wherein the counter enters to an unused state and rather than coming out of this unused state to a valid state or initial state, it switches to another invalid or unused state and gets stuck up in the cycle of unused states only, is known as the lockout condition in the counter. Therefore, in the case of lockout condition, ... Read More

What is a Generalized Number System? A mathematic structure which can extend the properties of the conventional number system like integers, real numbers, rational numbers, complex numbers, etc. to a more general case is known as a generalized number system. The major applications of generalized number systems include many areas of mathematics such as algebra, analysis, number theory, topology, etc. In more simple terms, a generalized number system can be defined as the generalization of the conventional/traditional number systems. Importance of Generalized Number Systems Generalized number systems are considered an important part of modern mathematics and science because they provide ... Read More

Let's start this article with a basic overview of flip-flops before moving onto discuss how they can be used as a divider circuit. What is a Flip-Flop? In digital electronics, a flip-flop (FF) is a sequential logic circuit which is used for storing 1-bit of information. As we know, in digital systems, information is represented in binary form, i.e. in terms of 0 and 1. Where, a binary 0 and a binary 1 is referred to as a bit. A flip-flop is a 1-bit memory cell that stores information in terms of 0 or 1. Therefore, flipflop is the fundamental ... Read More

Let's start this article with some basics of flip-flops before moving onto discuss their triggering methods. Flip-Flops in Digital Electronics In digital circuits, a flip-flop is a sequential logic circuit which is used to store 1-bit of information. A flip-flop has one or more inputs and two outputs. It also has an input for provide a clock signal. Flip-flop is a fundamental building block of digital circuits. Hence, flip-flop is also referred to as an elementary memory element in digital systems. Flip-flops find their applications in computer memory, registers, counters, and many other digital systems and circuits. A flip-flop ... Read More