Introduction Earth is distinctive in its abundance of water and there are several water bodies on the earth including rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, gulfs, streams, and more. Oceans are large water bodies and cover the majority of the area on the earth. These are significant in various aspects such as marine ecosystems, weather, aquatic trade, and world exploration, and two million species existing in the oceans that have specific adaptations and life. Oceans and seas play a vital role in weather and climate patterns and they contribute some ecological functions and supply food, medicine, and other needs for humans. They ... Read More

Introduction Blood present in the human body is the fluid connective tissue that mainly serves the function of the transportation of the different nutrients, proteins, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The two main types of cells that are present in human blood are red blood cells and white blood cells. The white blood cells which are also known as leukocytes are mainly responsible for providing defence mechanisms in the human body against different types of invaders. The white blood cells present in the human body can further be of 5 types. These five types of white blood cells are eosinophil, basophil, ... Read More

Introduction Humans need the energy to carry out life processes. We are dependent on plants for food. Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in the plant cell. Chloroplast captures light energy and makes sugar by the process of photosynthesis. When we consume food produced by plants, mitochondria generate energy in the form of ATP using nutrients and oxygen through a process known as cellular respiration. Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria and chloroplast are double-membrane organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Both organelles contain DNA and ribosomes and can carry out replication independent of the nucleus. Mitochondria Mitochondria ... Read More

Introduction There are two cycles of viral reproduction. Viral reproduction cycles are the two cycles by which viruses reproduce inside host cells. One is a lytic cycle, while the other one is a lysogenic cycle. The viruses reproducing through this mode of viral reproduction are bacterial viruses or bacteriophages. Bacteriophages that divide via lytic cycle are known as virulent phages, whereas bacteriophages that divide via lysogenic cycle are known as temperate phages. In the lytic cycle, the DNA of the virus is inside the bacterial cell, but it exists as a free molecule and then replicates separately from the host ... Read More