Select command is used to fetch the data in a set of records from a table, view or a group of tables, views by making use of SQL joins.Retrieval of data using SQL statements can be done by using different predicates like −WhereGroup ByHavingOrder ByThe simplest example of a select statement where in a user wants to, retrieve all the records of a table, can be performed by using '*'.First let's create and insert the data in table before retrieving the data using select command −Step 1create table student(name char(30), regno number(10), branch char(20), age char(10));The output will be as ... Read More

Let’s see the definitions of file systems and database management systems before understanding the difference.File Management SystemIt is nothing but a collection of programs which manage and store data in files and folders in a computer hard disk.It helps in reading and writing data to the hard disk. It is also called a conventional file system.Data redundancy is high and cannot be controlled easily in file management systems.Database management system (DBMS)It is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.DBMS is a collection of programs ... Read More

The Database Management System (DBMS) is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.It is a collection of programs used for managing data and simultaneously it supports different types of users to create, manage, retrieve, update and store information.Applications of DBMSIn so many fields, we will use a database management system.Let’s see some of the applications where database management system uses −Railway Reservation System − The railway reservation system database plays a very important role by keeping record of ticket booking, train’s departure time and ... Read More

Hardware, Software, Data, Database Access Language, Procedures and Users all together form the components of a DBMS.Let us discuss the components one by one clearly.HardwareThe hardware is the actual computer system used for keeping and accessing the database. The conventional DBMS hardware consists of secondary storage devices such as hard disks. Databases run on the range of machines from micro computers to mainframes.SoftwareSoftware is the actual DBMS between the physical database and the users of the system. All the requests from the user for accessing the database are handled by DBMS.DataIt is an important component of the database management system. ... Read More

The Database Management System (DBMS) is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.It is a collection of programs used for managing data and simultaneously it supports different types of users to create, manage, retrieve, update and store information.Advantages of DBMSThe advantages of the DBMS are explained below −Redundancy problem can be solved.In the File System, duplicate data is created in many places because all the programs have their own files which create data redundancy resulting in wastage of memory. In DBMS, all the files ... Read More

There are so many characteristics of a database management system, which are as follows − A database management system is able to store any kind of data in a database. The database management system has to support ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) properties. The Database management system allows so many users to access databases at the same time. Backup and recovery are ... Read More

The Database Management System (DBMS) is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.It is a collection of programs used for managing data and simultaneously it supports different types of users to create, manage, retrieve, update and store information.PurposeThe purpose of DBMS is to transform the following −Data into information.Information into knowledge.Knowledge to the action.The diagram given below explains the process as to how the transformation of data to information to knowledge to action happens respectively in the DBMS −Previously, the database applications were built ... Read More

A file system is a method of storing and organizing the computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them.Characteristics of file systemThe characteristics of file system are as follows −It is a group of files for storing the data of an organization.Each file is independent from one another.Each file is called a flat file.Files are designed by using the program written in programming languages such as C, C++.Disadvantages of file processing systemThere are so many disadvantages in the file processing system. These are explained below −Separated and isolated data.Duplication of data − ... Read More

Before understanding the difference between data and information, let’s have a look at the definitions of data and information with an example.DataData is the raw material that can be processed for any computing machine.For example − Employee name, Product name, Name of the student, Marks of the student, Mobile number, Image etc.InformationInformation is the data that has been converted into more useful or intelligent form.For example: Report card sheet.The information is needed for the following reasons −To gain knowledge about the surroundings.To keep the system up to date.To know about the rules and regulations of the society.KnowledgeThe human mind purposefully ... Read More

Let’s discuss flat and database definition before understanding the difference between flat files and databases.Flat filesA flat file contains records which have no structured interrelationship. They are typically called as a text file, where all word processing, structure characters and markup have been removed. A flat file represents a table with a single record per line. Generally, it is a type of database that stores data in a plain text format.DatabaseThe related information when placed in an organized form that makes a database or an organized collection of related information is called a database.For example − Dictionary, Telephone directory etc.DifferencesFollowing ... Read More