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Database Articles
Page 147 of 546
How can SELECT, without reference to any table, be used to calculate expression in MySQL?
With the help of following MySQL statement, we can use SELECT to calculate the expression −SELECT expression;The above statement is having no reference to any table. Followings are some examples −mysql> Select 10 DIV 5; +----------+ | 10 DIV 5 | +----------+ | 2 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.06 sec) mysql> Select 10*5; +------+ | 10*5 | +------+ | 50 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Set @var1 = 100, @var2 = 200; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> Select @Var1+@Var2; +-------------+ | @Var1+@Var2 | +-------------+ | 300 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Read MoreHow can we get the summary output of a column in MySQL result set itself?
We can get the summary output of a column in MySQL result set by using the “WITH ROLLUP” modifier. This modifier is used with GROUP BY CLAUSE. It gives the summary output to include extra rows that represent higher-level summary operations.ExampleIn this example, the WITH ROLLUP modifier gave the summary output with total cost value in the extra row.mysql> Select Item_name, SUM(Cost) AS Total_cost from Item_list GROUP BY Item_name WITH ROLLUP; +-----------+------------+ | Item_name | Total_cost | +-----------+------------+ | Notebook | 45.00 | | Pen | 31.70 | | Pencilbox | 125.20 | | NULL | 201.90 | +-----------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Read MoreHow can we get the metadata of triggers?
It can be done with the help of the INFORMATION_SCHEMA database. Following statement will give us the metadata of triggers −mysql> Select trigger_schema, trigger_name, action_statement -> from information_schema.triggers\G *************************** 1. row *************************** trigger_schema: query trigger_name: trigger_before_delete_sample action_statement: BEGIN SET @count = if (@count IS NULL, 1, (@count+1)); INSERT INTO sample_rowaffected values (@count); END *************************** 2. row *************************** trigger_schema: query trigger_name: before_inser_studentage action_statement: IF NEW.age < 0 THEN SET NEW.age = 0; END IF *************************** 3. row *************************** trigger_schema: sys trigger_name: sys_config_insert_set_user action_statement: BEGIN IF @sys.ignore_sys_config_triggers != true AND NEW.set_by ...
Read MoreHow it is possible to insert a zero or an empty string into a MySQL column which is defined as NOT NULL?
Declaring a column ‘NOT NULL’ means that this column would not accept NULL values but zero (0) and an empty string is itself a value. Hence there would be no issue if we want to insert zero or an empty string into a MySQL column which is defined as NOT NULL. Following comparisons of 0 and empty string with NULL would make it clear −mysql> Select 0 IS NULL, 0 IS NOT NULL; +-----------+---------------+ | 0 IS NULL | 0 IS NOT NULL | +-----------+---------------+ | 0 | 1 | ...
Read MoreHow can we check the current MySQL transaction isolation level?
By executing SELECT @@TX_ISOLATION command we can check the current MySQL transaction isolation level.Examplemysql> SELECT @@TX_ISOLATION; +-----------------+ | @@TX_ISOLATION | +-----------------+ | REPEATABLE-READ | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Read MoreWhat role data type plays when I insert an empty string into a MySQL column which is declared as NOT NULL?
The representation of an empty string in result set depends on data type when we insert an empty string into a MySQL column which is declared as NOT NULL. As we know that on inserting empty string we are providing value to MySQL that has integer representation as INT 0.Now, if that column is having INTEGER data type then MySQL would show 0 in the result set as that empty string has been mapped to zero as an integer.Examplemysql> create table test(id int NOT NULL, Name Varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec) mysql> Insert into test(id, name) ...
Read MoreHow can we use MySQL SELECT without FROM clause?
FROM clause after SELECT shows the references to a table. But if there is no reference to any table then we can use SELECT without the FROM clause. In other words, we can say that SELECT can be used to retrieve rows computed without reference to any table. Consider the following statements −mysql> Select concat_ws(" ","Hello", "World"); +---------------------------------+ | concat_ws(" ","Hello", "World") | +---------------------------------+ | Hello World | +---------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Set @var1=100; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> Select @var1; +-------+ | @var1 | +-------+ | 100 | +-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Read MoreHow can I get the output of multiple MySQL tables from a single query?
As we know that a query can have multiple MySQL statements followed by a semicolon. Suppose if we want to get the result from multiple tables then consider the following example to get the result set from ‘Student_info’ and ‘Student_detail’ by writing a single query −mysql> Select Name, Address from Student_info; Select Studentid, Address from Student_detail; +---------+------------+ | Name | Address | +---------+------------+ | YashPal | Amritsar | | Gaurav | Chandigarh | | Raman | Shimla | | Ram | Jhansi | | Shyam | Chandigarh | | ...
Read MoreWhat is the use of ‘c’ option while writing MySQL statements?
‘\c’ option means ‘clear’ and is used to clear the current input. Suppose if we do not want to execute a command that we are entering, then we can use a clear \c option which clears the current input. For example, the use of \c option can be done as follows −mysql> Select * -> from\cIn the example above, when we use \c in a statement, MySQL clears the current input and returns back to the MySQL prompt for accepting other statements.
Read MoreWhat would be the result if we perform any kind of arithmetic calculations in MySQL having one of the arguments as NULL?
MySQL always throws NULL as the result of arithmetic calculations in which one of the arguments is NULL. Consider the following example having NULL as an argument with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division −mysql> Select 10*NULL; +---------+ | 10*NULL | +---------+ | NULL | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.12 sec) mysql> Select 10+NULL; +---------+ | 10+NULL | +---------+ | NULL | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Select 10-NULL; +---------+ | 10-NULL | +---------+ | NULL | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.07 sec) mysql> Select 10/NULL; +---------+ | 10/NULL | +---------+ ...
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