Linear cryptanalysis is a known plaintext attack, in which the attacker studies probabilistic linear relations referred to as linear approximations among parity bits of the plaintext, the Ciphertext and the hidden key.In this approach, the attacker acquire high probability approximations for the parity bit of the hidden key by computing the parity bits of the known plaintexts and ciphertexts. By use of several approaches including the auxiliary technique, the attacker can extend the attack to discover extra bits of the secret key.Linear cryptanalysis together with differential cryptanalysis are the generally used attacks on block ciphers. The linear cryptanalysis technique was ... Read More

Differential cryptanalysis is a general model of cryptanalysis applicable generally to block ciphers, but it can also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the largest sense, it is the study of how differences in data input can influence the resultant difference at the output.The main objective of differential cryptanalysis is to view for statistical distributions and patterns in ciphertext to provide deduce details about the key used in the cipher.Differential cryptanalysis is a section of study in cryptography that compares the method differences in input associated to the differences in encrypted output. It can be used basically in ... Read More

There are various application of MD5 Algorithm are as follows −MD5 was produced to store one way hash of a password, and some document servers also supports pre-calculated MD5 checksum of a document so that the user can compare the checksum of the log in record to it.MD5 Algorithms are beneficial because it is simpler to compare and save these smaller hashes than save a large variable length text. It is a broadly used algorithm for one-way hashes used to check without necessarily providing the original value.UNIX systems need the MD5 Algorithm to save the passwords of the user in ... Read More

There are the following steps are performed to compute the message digest of the message which are as follows −Step 1 − Append padding bits − The message is continued or padded in such a method that its total length in bits is congruent to 448 modulo 512. This operation is continually implemented even if the message's length in bit is originally congruent to 448 modulo 512. 448 + 64 = 512, therefore the message is padded such that its length is now 64 bits less an integer multiple of 512.Step 2 − Append length − A 64 bit description ... Read More

There are various uses of MD5 Algorithm are as follows −MD5 stands for Message-Digest algorithm 5. It is a broadly used cryptographic hash function with a 128-bit hash value. As an Internet standard (RFC 1321), MD5 has been used in a broad method of security applications, and is also generally used to test the integrity of files. An MD5 hash is generally defined as a 32 digit hexadecimal number.MD5 was invented by Ron Rivest in 1991 to restore an earlier hash function MD4. The algorithm creates an input a message of arbitrary length and make as output a 128-bit fingerprint ... Read More

MD5 stands for message-digest algorithm. It is a cryptographic protocol used for authenticating messages as well as content verification and digital signatures. MD5 is based on a hash function that checks that a file it can sent matches and the file received by the person that it is sent to.MD5 message-digest algorithm is the 5th version of the Message-Digest Algorithm invented by Ron Rivest to make a 128-bit message digest. MD5 is quite rapid than other versions of the message digest, which creates the plain text of 512-bit blocks, which is more divided into 16 blocks, each of 32 bit ... Read More

Hill Cipher is a multiletter polyalphabetic cipher invented by Lester S. Hill cipher is a coding system by combining the notion of a matrix with the approach of linear congruence in the phase of encrypting a plaintext into a ciphertext and decrypting a ciphertext into a plaintext.Hill Cipher does not restore each of the same alphabets in plaintext with the same alphabet in ciphertext because it help matrix multiplication by encryption and decryption. Hill Cipher which is a polyalphabetic cipher can be categorized as a block cipher because the text to be handled will be divided into blocks of a ... Read More

MACMAC stands for Message Authentication Code. It is also defined as a tag. It can be used to authenticate the origin and characteristics of a message. MACs need authentication cryptography to check the legitimacy of information sent through a network or moved from one person to another.A MAC is created by a keyed secure hash function on a message. It can be used to provide the integrity of the message such that if a message secured by a MAC is tampered, it can be identified by comparing the MAC contained with in the message and the recalculated MAC.Message authentication codes ... Read More

SteganographySteganography is the procedure of hiding data, images, or audio messages within another element of information, image, or audio. Steganography is the art of hiding data.In computer science, it can define hiding information within a message or file. It serves a similar objective to cryptography, but rather than encrypting information, steganography easily hides it from the user.Invisible ink is an instance of steganography that is different to computers. A person can address a message with clear or "invisible" ink that can only be view when another ink or liquid is used to the paper.Similarly, in digital steganography, the main goal ... Read More

MAC stands for Message Authentication Code. It is a security code or tag that is further to the message sent by the sender to the receiver for supporting message authentication and integrity (no modification in message).MAC is similar to Message Digest (MD) except that it needs the symmetric key cryptography procedure to authenticate a message i.e., the similar key is shared among sender and receiver. The keyed hash function is second termed for the message authentication code. MAC is also defined as Cryptographic Checksum.A message authentication code (MAC) algorithm creates a message to be authenticated & a secret key that ... Read More