Generics allows us to define a class with placeholders for the type of its fields, methods, parameters, etc. Generics replace these placeholders with some specific type at compile time. A generic can be defined using angle brackets . A primary limitation of collections is the absence of effective type checking. This means that you can put any object in a collection because all classes in the C# programming language extend from the object base class.Also, we cannot simply return null from a generic method like in normal method. Below is the error that a generic method will throw if we ... Read More

While copying the entire contents of directory, it is more important that we have copy its sub directories and the related files.ExampleLet us consider demo source directory having sub directories and files like below. Below is the demo target directory which is empty initially.using System; using System.IO; namespace DemoApplication {    class Program {       public static void Main() {          string sourceDirectory = @"d:\DemoSourceDirectory";          string targetDirectory = @"d:\DemoTargetDirectory";          DirectoryInfo sourceDircetory = new DirectoryInfo(sourceDirectory);          DirectoryInfo targetDircetory = new DirectoryInfo(targetDirectory);          CopyAll(sourceDircetory, ... Read More

LINQ Except operator comes under Set operators category in LINQThe Except() method requires two collections and finding those elements which are not present in the second collectionExcept for the extension, the method doesn't return the correct result for the collection of complex types.Example using Except() method Live Demousing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; namespace DemoApplication {    class Program {       static void Main(string[] args) {          List animalsList1 = new List {             "tiger", "lion", "dog"          };          Console.WriteLine($"Values in List1:");     ... Read More

Let us take we have to eliminate the line breaks, space and tab space from the below string.eliminate.jpgExampleWe can make use of Replace() extension method of string to do it. Live Demousing System; namespace DemoApplication {    class Program {       static void Main(string[] args) {          string testString = "Hello \r beautiful \t world";          string replacedValue = testString.Replace("\r", "_").Replace("\t", "_");          Console.WriteLine(replacedValue);          Console.ReadLine();       }    } }OutputThe output of the above code isHello _ beautiful _ worldExampleWe can also make use ... Read More

If the collection is a List, then we can make use of ForEach extension method which is available as part of LINQ.Example Live Demousing System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace DemoApplication {    class Program {       static void Main(string[] args) {          List fruits = new List {             new Fruit {                Name = "Apple",                Size = "Small"             },             new Fruit {         ... Read More

Convert a string representation of number to an integer, using the int.Parse or Convert.ToInt32 method in C#. If the string cannot be converted, then the int.Parse or Convert.ToInt32 method returns an exceptionConvert.ToInt32 allows null value, it doesn't throw any errors Int.parse does not allow null value, and it throws an ArgumentNullException error.Example Live Democlass Program {    static void Main() {       int res;       string myStr = "5000";       res = int.Parse(myStr);       Console.WriteLine("Converting String is a numeric representation: " + res);       Console.ReadLine();    } }OutputConverting String is a ... Read More

For deleting all the folders and its respective directories we can make us System.IO namespace available in C#. The DirectoryInfo() class provides the details of all sub directories and file in a directory.ExampleLet us consider a directory Demo having two sub directories and has some files like below.using System.IO; namespace DemoApplication {    class Program {       static void Main(string[] args) {          DirectoryInfo di = new DirectoryInfo(@"D:\Demo");          foreach (DirectoryInfo dir in di.GetDirectories()) {             foreach (FileInfo file in dir.GetFiles()) {           ... Read More

We can make use of Reflection to fetch a property value dynamically.Reflection provides objects (of type Type) that describe assemblies, modules and types. We can use reflection to dynamically create an instance of a type, bind the type to an existing object, or get the type from an existing object and invoke its methods or access its fields and properties. If we use attributes in our code, reflection enables us to access them.The System.Reflection namespace and System.Type class play an important role in .NET Reflection. These two works together and allows us to reflect over many other aspects of a ... Read More

In .Net, every string has a character set and encoding. A character encoding tells the computer how to interpret raw zeroes and ones into real characters. It usually does this by pairing numbers with characters. Actually, it is the process of transforming a set of Unicode characters into a sequence of bytes.We can use Encoding.GetString Method (Byte[]) to decodes all the bytes in the specified byte array into a string. Several other decoding schemes are also available in Encoding class such as UTF8, Unicode, UTF32, ASCII etc. The Encoding class is available as part of System.Text namespace.string result = Encoding.Default.GetString(byteArray);Example Live ... Read More

This error occurs when a looping process is being running on a collection (Ex: List) and the collection is modified (data added or removed) during the runtime.Example Live Demousing System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace DemoApplication {    public class Program {       static void Main(string[] args) {          try {             var studentsList = new List {                new Student {                   Id = 1,                   Name = "John"                },                new Student {                   Id = 0,                   Name = "Jack"                },                new Student {                   Id = 2,                   Name = "Jack"                }             };             foreach (var student in studentsList) {                if (student.Id