In C++, we can use 16-bit character representations. The c16rtomb() function is used to convert 16-bit character representation to narrow multi-byte character representation. We can find this function inside the uchar.h header file.This function takes three parameters. These are −The string where multi-byte character will be stored16-bit character to convertThe pointer of type mbstate_t object. which is used to interpret multibyte string.This function returns number of bytes written to the character array, when it is successful, otherwise returns -1. Let us see an example to get better idea.Example Live Demo#include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { ... Read More

Here we will see some good tricks of C++ programming language that can help us in different area. Like if we want to participate in some competitive programming events, then these tricks will help us to reduce the time for writing codes. Let us see some of these examples one by one.Checking whether a number is odd or even without using % operator. This trick is simple. We can perform bitwise AND operation with the number and 1. If the result is non-zero then this is odd, otherwise this is even. The logic is too simple. All odd numbers have ... Read More

In this section we will see how we can read file content word by word using C++. The task is very simple. we have to use the file input stream to read file contents. The file stream will open the file by using file name, then using FileStream, load each word and store it into a variable called word. Then print each word one by one.Algorithmread_word_by_word(filename)begin    file = open file using filename    while file has new word, do       print the word into the console    done endFile Content (test_file.txt)This is a test file. There are ... Read More

Here we will see how we can get the sum of the given series. The value of n will be given by user. We can solve this problem by making a factorial function, and get factorial in each step in the loop. But factorial calculation is costlier task than normal addition. We will use the previous factorial term in the next one. Like 3! is (3 * 2 * 1), and 4! is 4 * 3!. So if we store 3! into some variable, we can use that and add the next number only to get the next factorial easily.Algorithmsum_series_fact(n)begin ... Read More

To get the vowels from a string, we have to iterate through each character of the string. Here we have to use pointers to move through the string. For this we need C style strings. If the string is pointed by str, then *str will hold the first character at the beginning. Then if str is increased, the *str will point next character and so on. If the character is in [a, e, i, o, u] or [A, E, I, O, U] then it is vowel. So we will increase the countAlgorithmcountVowels(str)begin    count := 0    for each character ... Read More

Here we will see how we can concatenate a string n number of times. The value of n is given by the user. This problem is very simple. In C++ we can use + operator for concatenation. Please go through the code to get the idea.AlgorithmconcatStrNTimes(str, n)begin    res := empty string    for i in range 1 to n, do       res := concatenate res and res    done    return res endExample Live Demo#include using namespace std; main() {    string myStr, res = "";    int n;    cout > myStr;    cout > n;    for(int i= 0; i < n; i++) {       res += myStr;    }    cout

In this problem we will see how we can get the sum of squares of first n natural numbers. Here we are using one for loop, that runs from 1 to n. In each step we are calculating square of the term and then add it to the sum. This program takes O(n) time to complete. But if we want to solve this in O(1) or constant time, we can use this series formula −AlgorithmsquareNNatural(n)begin    sum := 0    for i in range 1 to n, do       sum := sum + i^2    done    return ... Read More

In the crypt-arithmetic problem, some letters are used to assign digits to it. Like ten different letters are holding digit values from 0 to 9 to perform arithmetic operations correctly. There are two words are given and another word is given as answer of addition for those two words. As an example we can say that two words ‘BASE’ and ‘BALL’, and the result is ‘GAMES’. Now if we try to add BASE and BALL by their symbolic digits, we will get the answer GAMES.NOTE − There must be ten letters maximum, otherwise it cannot be solved.InputThis algorithm will take ... Read More

In this problem we will try to find smallest K-digit number, that will be divisible by X. To do this task we will take the smallest K digit number by this formula (10^(k-1)). Then check whether the number is divisible by X or not, if not, we will get the exact number by using this formula.(min+ 𝑋)−((min+ 𝑋) 𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑋)One example is like a 5-digit number, that is divisible by 29. So the smallest 5-digit number is 10000. This is not divisible by 29. Now by applying the formula we will get −(10000+ 29)−((10000+29) 𝑚𝑜𝑑 29)=10029−24=10005The number 10005 is divisible ... Read More

Here we will see how we can get the gcd of more than two numbers. Finding gcd of two numbers are easy. When we want to find gcd of more than two numbers, we have to follow the associativity rule of gcd. For example, if we want to find gcd of {w, x, y, z}, then it will be {gcd(w, x), y, z}, then {gcd(gcd(w, x), y), z}, and finally {gcd(gcd(gcd(w, x), y), z)}. Using array it can be done very easily.Algorithmgcd(a, b)begin    if a is 0, then       return b    end if    return gcd(b ... Read More