Suppose we have a binary tree; we have to flatten it into linked list in place. So if the tree is like −The output tree will be −To solve this, we will follow these steps −ser prev := nullDefine a recursive function solve(), that will take root as input.if root is null, then returnsolve(right of root)solve(left of root)right of root := prev, left of root := nullprev := rootLet us see the following implementation to get better understanding −Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; class TreeNode{    public:    int val;    TreeNode *left, *right;    TreeNode(int data){     ... Read More

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand thread functions in C/C++.Thread functions allow users to implement concurrent functions at the same time, which can either be dependent on each other for execution or independent.Example#include #include #include void* func(void* arg){    //detaching the current thread    pthread_detach(pthread_self());    printf("Inside the thread");    pthread_exit(NULL); } void fun(){    pthread_t ptid;    //creating a new thread    pthread_create(&ptid, NULL, &func, NULL);    printf("This line may be printed before thread terminates");    if(pthread_equal(ptid, pthread_self())       printf("Threads are equal");    else       printf("Threads are ... Read More

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand templates and static variables in C++.In case of function and class templates, each instance of the templates has its own local copy of the variables.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; template void fun(const T& x){    static int i = 10;    cout

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand Template specialization in C++.Standard functions like sort() can be used with any data types and they behave the same with each of them. But if you want to set a special behaviour of the function for a particular data type (even user defined), we can use template specialization.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; template void fun(T a) {    cout

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand swapping of subranges of different containers in C++.For this we will be provided with vectors and lists, and we need to swap some of their elements.Example Live Demo#include #include #include #include using namespace std; int main(){    vector v = { -10, -15, -30, 20, 500 };    list lt = { 10, 50, 30, 100, 50 };    swap_ranges(v.begin(), v.begin() + 3, lt.begin());    for (int n : v)       cout

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to sum two integers without using arithmetic operators in C/C++.For adding two integers without using arithmetic operators, we can do this with either using pointers or using bitwise operators.ExampleUsing pointers#include using namespace std; int sum(int a, int b){    int *p = &a;    return (int)&p[b]; } int main() {    int add = sum(2,3);    cout

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to store a Data triplet in a vector in C++.To store three elements in a single cell of a vector we will creating a user defined structure and then make a vector from that user defined structure.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; struct Test{    int x, y, z; }; int main(){    //creating a vector of user defined structure    vector myvec;    //inserting values    myvec.push_back({2, 31, 102});    myvec.push_back({5, 23, 114});    myvec.push_back({9, 10, 158});    int s = myvec.size();    for (int i=0;i

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to sort a vector in descending order using STL in C++.For sorting the given vector in descending order we will be using the sort() function from the STL library in C++.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; int main(){    //collecting the vector    vector a = { 1, 45, 54, 71, 76, 12 };    cout

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to reverse a vector using STL in C++.For reversing a given vector we will be using the reverse() function from the STL library in C++.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; int main(){    //collecting the vector    vector a = { 1, 45, 54, 71, 76, 12 };    cout

In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to restrict dynamic allocation of objects in C++.For this we will be keeping the new operator function private so that objects cannot be created using it dynamically.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; class Test{    //making new operator private    void* operator new(size_t size);    int x;    public:    Test() { x = 9; cout