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Computer Network Articles
Page 99 of 122
Explain the services of the physical layer
Physical layer is the shortest layer in the model. This layer is feasible for initiating, preserving, and deactivating a physical circuit between two end frameworks.The Physical Layer is vital for transmitting bits from one device to another device. It can change the series of bits into electric signals, light signals, or electromagnetic signals, relying on either the two hubs on a link circuit, fiber-optic circuit, or microwave/radio circuit.Passive hubs, simple active hubs, terminators, couplers, cables, connectors, repeaters, multiplexers, transmitters and receivers are the devices associated with the physical layer.The physical layer situation for the transmission channel and the data link ...
Read MoreDifference Between PGP and S/MIME
In this post, we will understand the difference between PGH and S/MIME −PGPIt has been designed to process plain text.It is not expensive in comparison to S/MIME.It can be used personally as well as at offices.It is less efficient in comparison to S/MIME.It depends on the key exchange made by the user.It is less convenient in comparison to S/MIME.It contains 4096 public keys.It is considered as the standard for strong encryption.It can be used in VPNs.It uses Diffie-Hellman digital signature.S/MIMEIt has been designed to process email and multimedia files.It is relatively expensive.It is used in industrial purposes.It is more efficient ...
Read MoreDifference Between Time Sharing and Real-Time Operating System
In this post, we will understand the difference between Time Sharing and Real-Time Operating System −Time Sharing Operating SystemIn this type of operating system, a quick response is required to be given when a request comes in.It has a switching method.Any kind of modifications can be done to the program.The resources of the computer are shared externally.It deals with multiple processes and applications simultaneously.The response to a user request is given within seconds of time.Real-Time Operating SystemIn this operating system, the computation tasks are required to be given more importance before its nominative point.It doesn’t have a switching method.No modification ...
Read MoreDifference Between Network Operating System and Distributed Operating System
In this post, we will understand the difference between network operating system and a distributed operating system.Network Operating SystemThe main object of this system is to provide local services to remote clients.The communication takes place depending on the files.It is more scalable in comparison to Distributed Operating System.It has less fault tolerance.The rate of autonomy in a network operating system is high.It is easy to implement.The nodes of a network operating system can have different operating system.Distributed Operating SystemThe main objective of this system is to manage the resources of the hardware.The communication takes place depending on messages and shared ...
Read MoreDirected Acyclic Graph (DAG)
DefinitionIn computer science and mathematics, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) refers to a directed graph which has no directed cycles.ExplanationIn graph theory, a graph refers to a set of vertices which are connected by lines called edges. In a directed graph or a digraph, each edge is associated with a direction from a start vertex to an end vertex. If we traverse along the direction of the edges and we find that no closed loops are formed along any path, we say that there are no directed cycles. The graph formed is a directed acyclic graph.A DAG is always topologically ...
Read MoreSink Tree in Computer Networks
DefinitionSink trees of a given node in a computer network is a tree formed by connecting the node with all the other nodes of in the network with the optimal path, or more precisely the shortest path. Or, in other words, a sink tree is a minimal cost tree formed with the given node as the destination and all other nodes as sources. A popular measure for the path or the cost is the number of hops.ExplanationThe sink tree follows from the optimality principle. According to it, in a network of routers for data transmission, if a router ‘J’ lies ...
Read MoreComparison of Virtual-Circuit and Datagram Networks
Virtual – circuit and datagram networks are categories of packet switching network. In virtual circuits, a virtual path is established between the source and the destination systems through which the data packets are transferred from the source to the destination. In the other hand, in datagram networks, each data packet called datagram contain adequate header information so that they can be individually routed by all intermediate network switching devices to the destination.DifferencesIssueVirtual – Circuit NetworksDatagram NetworksConnectivityVirtual – circuits are connection oriented networks.Datagram networks are connectionless.PathIn these networks, the path between the source and the destination nodes that is followed by ...
Read MoreMulti-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a routing technique that augments speed and control of the network traffic by directing data from one node to the next node based on short path labels. Instead of being routed using long network addresses, the data packets are routed through path labels that identify virtual paths between the nodes rather than endpoints. MPLS speeds up traffic flows by avoiding complex lookups in the routing table at each node as in conventional routing algorithms.MPLS is a scalable and protocol-independent routing technique. It works with Internet Protocol (IP), Ethernet, Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM). ...
Read MoreVirtual - Circuit Network
Virtual – circuit network is a category of packet switching network, where a virtual path is established between the source and the destination systems for data communication to occur. This path appears to the user as if it is a dedicated physical path, but actually is a logical circuit allocated from a managed pool of circuit resources as per traffic requirements. The network resources forming parts of this path can be shared by other communications, however, is not visible to this user.Features of Virtual – Circuit NetworkVirtual – circuit switching is done at the network layer of the communication system.In ...
Read MoreDatagram Network
In a connectionless communication systems, datagram refers to the smallest unit via which data is transmitted. Datagrams are data packets which contain adequate header information so that they can be individually routed by all intermediate network switching devices to the destination. These networks are called datagram networks since communication occurs via datagrams. They exist in packet switching networks.Features of Datagram NetworksDatagram switching is done at the network layer of the communication system.In datagram networks, each data packet or datagram is routed independently from the source to the destination even if they belong to the same message. The network treats the ...
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