Introduction Whenever a patient takes several drugs at once for one or more diseases, drug interactions could arise. Drug interactions can cause unanticipated reactions, adverse side effects, or in rare cases, a lack of therapeutic efficacy when used concurrently with other medications. Drug-drug interactions are the term used to describe these unwanted effects (DDIs). Drug manufacturers must comprehend how pharmaceuticals interact with each other since the global polypharmacy problem (people taking numerous medications at once) keeps growing. To determine if a DDI might occur and whether it might be serious enough to call for a dosage modification, precaution, or contraindication, ... Read More

Introduction Drinking-Water Standards (DWS) are quality conditions set for drinking water that must be encountered by International Drinking Water Standards (IDWS). Every person should have the right to clean as well as safe drinking water. However, human activities, as well as certain environmental elements, have polluted this existing natural resource. A secure water system is the foundation of a healthy economy, but it is severely undervalued in many parts of the globe. Numerous health organisations have mentioned certain specifications for drinking water considering the adverse effects of this scenario on human health. What is Potable Water? It is defined as ... Read More

Introduction Plastics are widely used as synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that are usually made up of polymers. Plastics can easily be moulded or reshaped or pressed to form solid objects of various shapes and sizes only due to their plasticity (deformation capability of the materials) character. Plastics are widely used in our surroundings because of their various properties like being lightweight, flexible, cheap, easily available, and many others. Plastics are generally or mainly made from chemicals that are based on fossil fuels like petroleum or natural gas. Plastics can easily be classified into different groups based on their synthesis. Plastics ... Read More

Introduction Dipotassium phosphate has an empirical or molecular formula, $\mathrm{(K_2 HPO_4)}$. Sometimes, it is also called dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate or potassium phosphate dibasic. It is not an organic or inorganic compound molar or molecular mass = 174.2g/mol. It has a white powder-like appearance and is odourless. Along with monopotassium phosphate $\mathrm{(KH_2 PO_4)}$, it is often or widely used as a fertilizer (phosphorus content), food additive (in addition to some food materials), and buffering agent. And it is also easily soluble in the water. It can be produced or generated commercially by the process of partial or slight neutralization of ... Read More

Introduction Hydrocarbons as the name suggests are a combination of hydrogen and carbon molecules. Combustion refers to the process where a substance burns in the presence of oxygen, or, the substance undergoes burning in the presence of air or oxygen to give heat and light. Combustion of hydrocarbons refers to the chemical reaction where hydrocarbons(alkanes or alkenes) react with oxygen to create or give carbon dioxide, water, and a large amount of heat energy. Combustion is a kind of exothermic reaction. These hydrocarbons are used for the formation of primary constituents of fossil fuels, like petroleum, coal, natural gas, e.t.c. ... Read More

Introduction The technique of separating a mixture of chemicals into their constituents based on their interactions with an inert matrix is known as chromatography. However, it is much more than a basic procedure; it is an essential aspect of research that encompasses bio and physical chemistry, chemical engineering, or other domains. The IUPAC definition of chromatography is "the separation of sample components following their dispersion between two phases." It is an important biophysical technique for separating, identifying, and then purifying the components of a mixture for identification but also quantification. There are several types of chromatography, which differ in the ... Read More

Introduction Protein is one of the very important fundamental units of our body system which is supplied to our body through different food products such as milk, cheese, nuts, etc. Denaturation involves the breaking of many weak bonds in the structure of a protein. These weak bonds or linkages like hydrogen bonding provide an ordered structure to a protein molecule. The changes that occur during denaturation in the structure of protein generally result in alterations in properties like functional properties and chemical and physical properties. The process of denaturation of proteins occurs under different chemical conditions. Changes in pH, temperature ... Read More

Introduction Louis de Broglie introduced his research work in the year 1924, in which he suggested that electrons (e-) have both waves as well as particle properties, like light. He reorganised the conditions of the Plank-Einstein relation so that they could be applied to all types of matter. This nature has been explained as dual matter behaviour. He derived a relationship between matter momentum as well as wavelength based on his findings. The De Broglie Relationship is the name given to this type of relationship. Bohr's model did not explain many concepts relevant to the spectrum of numerous atoms as ... Read More

Introduction Various organic compounds, such as cycloalkanes, have distinct features based on their structure. Body fat exists in humans & some food, as well as hair products, contain these hydrocarbons. As a result, these organic compounds can be found in all aspects of daily life. Numerous organic compounds found naturally or synthesised in labs comprise rings of carbon (C) atoms with distinct chemical characteristics; these compounds are referred to as cycloalkanes. Cycloalkanes only have carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds but also carbon-carbon (C-C) single bonds, but the C-atoms are arranged in a ring. Cyclopropane is the tiniest cycloalkane. What are ... Read More

Introduction Copernicium was discovered in 1996 by researchers supervised by Sigurd Hofmann at the Heavy Ion Research Lab in Darmstadt, Germany. Copernicium element has an atomic no. 112 with the sign Cn. This is a man-made element that is exceedingly radioactive. Within the periodic table, Cn belongs to such d-block, 7th period, as well as group 12 of elements. At ordinary temp as well as pressure, it stays mostly in gas form. Its radioactive element's electron arrangement is Rn 5f14 6d10 7s2. The above element's identified isotopes have all been radioactive as well as have extremely small half-lives. The ... Read More