Introduction “Strontium” is a chemical element that is symbolised by “Sr” and it has an “atomic number 38”. An “alkali earth metal” has a unique “silver white-yellowish” appearance. It is quite strongly chemically reactive. It is naturally non-radioactive and it creates a “dark oxide layer” upon exposure to the air. Physically and chemically, this element is quite similar to “calcium and barium” What is “Strontium”? “Strontium” mostly exists naturally in “rocks coal and oil” as a “non-radioactive element”. 99% of “strontium” is found in the bones of human body. It exists in the form of four stable isotopes in ... Read More

Introduction Stearic acid is present in the fats of animals and plants and used in food products that help treat or reduce eczema symptoms, skin inflammation and help retain the skin's moisture. Cosmetics products including stearic acid must be used after consulting a skin doctor or dermatologist to avoid the side effects like irritation, rashes, or severe cream burn on skin. What is Stearic acid? The saturated long-chain fatty acid is made up of 18 backbone of carbon and is referred to as stearic acid. The acid can be found in several types of fats of plants and animals. Stearic ... Read More

Introduction By combining the words "electrolyte" and "conduction" or "conductors, " the phrase "electrolytic conductance" is created. It is crucial to first realize what each of these terms means. A material that generates electricity when dissolved in a polar solvent like water is known as an electrolyte. These electrolytes cannot conduct electricity in a solid state; they must be watery or molten. Electrolysis is the process of dissolving these compounds in a solvent while an electric current is flowing. "Conductance" or "conductor" is the second most crucial word for electrolytic conductance. To gain an understanding of more complex subjects like ... Read More

Introduction Einsteinium-253, which has a half-life of 20.5 days, was created after several uranium atoms captured numerous neutrons and underwent a sequence of capture and decay steps. Since 𝐸𝑠 is artificial, neither does it exist in nature nor on the earth's surface. It is created in small amounts through thermonuclear bomb explosions or artificially induced spontaneous transmutations of specific radioactive elements. On 1 November 1952, the thermonuclear explosion, which occurred on a Pacific atoll, left behind debris that contained the element Einsteinium. A neighbouring atoll's fallout material was shipped to Berkeley, California, for analysis. Stanley Thompson, Gregory Choppin, Albert Ghiorso, ... Read More

Introduction Dispersion force arises because of the fluctuation in the polarizability. It is a temporary effect. The noble gases that don't form any chemical bonds are attracted to each other and condense to liquid form at low temperatures. So, atoms also have a type of attraction. Fritz London, an Austrian physicist in 1930 introduced a theory that states that when two molecules approach each other the flow of electrons or the movement of electrons in one molecule will interfere with the electron movement in the other molecule. And they are by resulting in an attractive force. For a better understanding ... Read More

Introduction In nature, vaporization and evaporation are 2 processes that frequently occur. The real causes of why we want to water our garden in the summer and why milk boils in a pot on the stove are evaporation and vaporization. In reality, evaporation is a form of vaporization that occurs in our environment. Therefore, evaporation occurs more often than other vaporization processes like boiling. Although these two terms seem to have comparable meanings, there are still significant variances between them. These two processes barely vary from one another on a molecular level. Both are happening at various temperatures and surfaces. ... Read More

Introduction An ideal gas is nothing but a theoretical(exists only in theory) gas because, in reality, it is not possible to have an ideal kind of gas. An ideal gas is formed of large numbers of randomly(in any direction) rotating point-like particles that are not subjected to interaction with one another. This ideal gas (theoretical gas)concept or idea is useful or important because it completely follows the ideal gas law(or ideal gas equation). A real gas is a non-ideal gas and here the molecules occupy the desired space and also interact with one another and they do not obey the ... Read More

Introduction: What is an Endpoint? It is the stage of a titration at which the colour changes. Acids, as well as bases, are normally colourless liquids. As a result, an indicator that may alter the colour of the reaction medium with variations in pH is employed to indicate the end of the neutralisation reaction of an acid with a base. Phenolphthalein is a typical indicator used in acid-base processes. This indicator's colour changes between 8.3 (colourless) to 10.0. (pink). However, this indicator is ineffective for reactions occurring at low pH levels. As a result, the indication should be picked carefully. ... Read More

Introduction Enantiomers as well as diastereomers are further classifications of isomers. Isomers are substances which have the same chemical formula but a distinct atom configuration. They are categorised into 2 categories: structural isomers and stereoisomers. The former has the same chemical formula but distinct atom connections. While the latter has molecules that differ in how their structures are arranged spatially. And they are further classified as enantiomers as well as diastereomers. They both are distinguished by the fact that enantiomers are found as mirror images whereas diastereomers are not. For a substance to have stereoisomers, it must be chiral. To ... Read More

Introduction Christopher Kelk Ingold 1933 introduced the terms nucleophile and electrophile by replacing the words anionic and cationic words introduced by A. J. Lapworth. The word electrophile is obtained by the combination of two words 'electro' meaning electrons and 'philes' meaning loving. And the word nucleophile is obtained from the two words nucleus and phile, which is a Greek word 'Philos' meaning a friend. These two terms are important in chemistry. These chemical compounds participate in many organic reactions. As we know electrophiles and nucleophiles have opposite behaviour which is the driving force for several chemical reactions. So these terms ... Read More