Introduction Claisen rearrangement denotes the essential chemical reaction which is organic by nature. One of the most important roles of this reaction includes the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. This reaction derived its name from its discovery by Rainer Ludwig Claisen, a German chemist, in 1912. This particular reaction belongs to the sigmatropic rearrangement. Here the mechanism of the reaction is being concerted. There is an interesting fact in this reaction. This particular reaction is the first recorded instance of a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction. What is Claisen Rearrangement? It describes one of the essential reactions in the field of organic chemistry". ... Read More

Introduction Claisen condensation mechanism was named after Rainer Ludwig Claisen, the German chemist after its discovery. This reaction is started with discharge of alpha proton, and happens by the action of the strong base and finally results in the formation of an enolate ion. This particular action needs a minimum of one reagent and it should possess an alpha proton $\mathrm{(\alpha\:-\:H)}$ with it. It generally forms the anion upon deprotonation. What is Claisen Condensation? This is one of the essential reactions in the fields of chemistry in which the special carbon- carbon bond formation is done in the presence of ... Read More

Introduction Cis-trans isomerism occurs due to restriction of rotation of central atom-to-atom bond. In relation to trans-isomer, it is important that these types of isomers are found to be present on the very opposite side of the double bond. Both an organic and inorganic compounds are attached and these are possesses an important role. In finding the examples of trans- isomers, the name of the molecules, with trans in the front can be important. What is Cis Trans Isomerism? Another term for Cis Trans Isomerism is geometrical isomerism. In relation to configurational isomerism as well, alkenes groups of components are ... Read More

Introduction Chromium is a hard metal with the appearance of a silver-grey colour. The Chromium electronic configuration is generally provided as $\mathrm{Ar\:3d^{5}\:4s^{1}}$. The Chromium electronic configuration is mainly explained with the help of a half-filled d orbital which is mainly responsible to offer stability. Cr oxidation state is trivalent that is very essential for human beings. The nutrient can be found in variable traces of human insulin, lipid metabolism, fatty acids as well as blood sugar. What is Chromium? Chromium refers to a lustrous which has a higher melting point. Ferrochromium alloy is generally produced commercially with the help of ... Read More

Introduction Laws of chemistry have been determined by several scientists with their respective experimentations. Over the years, many laws are introduced, revised, and amended in order to understand, the natural laws occurring around us, and that are associated with the field of chemistry. However, certain laws determined and considered to be the most fundamental in chemistry such as, Law of Conservation of Mass. The other laws, namely, the law of conservation of energy, Charle’s law, and many more, follow this law. What are ideal and real gasses? Ideal gasses are defined as the perfect glasses, that support establishing the relationship ... Read More

Introduction Chemical preservation ensures that the food will be fresh and edible longer. Food preservation can be a challenging task, especially under different environmental circumstances. Chemical components commonly preserve foods by slowing decomposition and preventing microbial growth in stored foods. Chemical preservation involves using different chemical components capable of physically maintaining the stored foods under different climatic circumstances. Figure1 − Structure of Benzoic acid, a commonly used food preservative What is food preservation with chemicals? Food preservation with the help of different chemical compounds is a process widely accepted by the food industry. It restricts the spoilage of organisms ... Read More

Introduction Johann Rudolf Glauber, a German scientist, made the initial discovery of KMnO4 synthesis in 1659. This chemical is soluble in water and is dreamed up of potassium and permanganate ions. In its physical condition, it is a dark purple and odourless solid. It is often referred to as Permanganate of Potash or Condy's crystals. As a potent oxidizing agent, dermatitis medicine wound cleaner, and general disinfectant, potassium permanganate is frequently employed in the chemical process industries and laboratories. What is Potassium Permanganate? An inorganic substance with the scientific formula KMnO4 is potassium permanganate. It is a crystalline salt ... Read More

Introduction Iron is uncommon in the Earth's crust in its metallic state and is mostly deposited by meteorites. Clean iron plates are flawless and mirror-like silver-grey. However, iron often forms brown to black moist iron oxides, sometimes termed rust, when combined with oxygen and water. Chemically, iron's two most frequent oxidation states are iron(II) and iron(III). Iron has several characteristics in common with additional transition metals. It makes up a large portion of both the exterior and interior cores of the planet and is, by weight, the second highest prevalent element after oxygen. What is Iron? The simplest widespread ... Read More

Introduction In crystalline solids, any irregularities or distortion observed around a particular point, or an atom is called a point defect. Defects occur when crystallisation takes place at a very fast or intermediate rate. As a result of which the particles or atoms do not get enough time to arrange themselves in a regular pattern. Point defects are further classified into three categories, and they are − Stoichiometric defects (st.), Impurity defects and Non-Stoichiometric defects. In Stoichiometric defects, the ratio of cations (positive charge) and anions (negative charge) remains unchanged. An impurity defect occurs when an external (foreign) atom occupies ... Read More

Introduction Catalysis is the process of altering the reaction rate by utilising a chemical that is not used by the reaction. As a result, it does not show any change in the total stoichiometry of the process, but it must occur in at least a single elementary process in the catalysed reaction mechanism. Although the catalysed route has smaller activation energy, the total energy shift that comes from the reaction is unaffected by the existence of a catalyst. Nonetheless, because of its smaller activation energy, a catalysed reaction has a quicker rate of reaction than an uncatalyzed reaction at a ... Read More