Introduction A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of biological wastewater treatment technology that employs a unique and innovative method for removing organic pollutants and nitrogenous compounds from wastewater. This technology is based on the use of a suspended biomass carrier, which is referred to as “biofilm media” that serves as a substrate for the attachment and growth of bacteria and other microorganisms responsible for biodegrading and converting the organic and inorganic pollutants present in the wastewater into less harmful substances. Working Principle of MBBR The MBBR technology employs a unique method of wastewater treatment that ... Read More

A Farther Insight Microencapsulation is a technology that has been used for several decades in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. It involves the process of enclosing tiny particles or droplets within a protective shell to create a new substance with unique properties. The technology has gained a lot of attention over the years due to its numerous benefits, including controlled release, increased shelf life, targeted delivery, and improved product stability. In this article, we will delve deeper into the concept of microencapsulation technology and its applications. Overview of Microencapsulation Technology Microencapsulation technology involves the creation of tiny capsules that ... Read More

Introduction Microencapsulation is a process of enclosing tiny droplets of substances within a coating or shell to protect and deliver them to a target site. This technique has gained tremendous popularity in recent years as it offers many advantages over conventional delivery systems. Microencapsulation is a highly versatile technique that can be used for the delivery of a wide range of substances, including drugs, flavours, fragrances, and probiotics. In this article, we will explore the potential of microencapsulation as a delivery system and its applications in various fields. Microencapsulation is a technique that has been used for many years ... Read More

Introduction Liquor, also known as distilled spirits, is an alcoholic beverage made by distilling fermented grains, fruits, or vegetables. The distillation process removes impurities and increases the alcohol content of the original liquid. Liquor has been consumed for centuries and is a popular beverage around the world. Discussed below is the definition of liquor, its production process, and the various types of liquor available. Definition Liquor is an alcoholic beverage that is distilled from fermented grains, fruits, or vegetables. It typically has a higher alcohol content than beer or wine, ranging from 30% to 50% alcohol by volume (ABV). ... Read More

Introduction Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction or partitioning, is a widely used separation technique in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries. The technique involves the separation of a mixture of two or more liquids, based on their relative solubilities in two immiscible liquids, typically an organic solvent and an aqueous solution. LLE can be used for a variety of purposes, including the removal of impurities, the concentration of a desired product, or the isolation of specific compounds from a complex mixture. The given topic provides an overview of the principles, techniques, and applications of liquid-liquid extraction. ... Read More

Introduction Enzymes are complex biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in many metabolic pathways in the body, including digestion, energy production, and DNA replication. Because of their specificity and efficiency, enzymes have found numerous industrial applications, from food and beverage processing to the production of biofuels and pharmaceuticals. However, enzymes are often unstable and sensitive to environmental conditions, which can limit their usefulness in industrial settings. To address this issue, immobilized enzyme-based bioreactors have been developed, which allow for the continuous and controlled use of enzymes in various applications. What is an ... Read More

Introduction Food drying is an ancient technique that has been used for centuries to preserve food. It involves removing the moisture from the food, which in turn, prevents the growth of bacteria and mold. Drying food not only extends the shelf life of food but also helps to retain the nutritional value and flavour of food Explained below are the purpose of food drying, methods of food drying, and the pros and cons of drying food. Purpose of Food Drying Food drying serves the primary purpose of extending the shelf life of food. When moisture is removed from food, bacteria, ... Read More

Introduction Drying is an essential unit operation in bioprocess engineering that involves the removal of moisture or water from a product. In bioprocessing, drying is a critical step because it helps to preserve the quality and stability of the product, prevent microbial growth, and enhance shelf-life. Addressed below are the mechanism of drying in bioprocesses, including the different types of drying, and their applications in various industries. Drying Mechanisms The drying mechanism involves the transfer of moisture from a product to the surrounding environment through a process known as diffusion. Diffusion occurs as a result of the concentration gradient between ... Read More

Introduction Distillation is a process used to separate and purify different components of a mixture. It is one of the most important techniques used in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and many other industries. Distillation is based on the principle of differences in boiling points of the components of a mixture. It involves heating the mixture and then cooling the vapor to condense it into separate components. Definition of Distillation Distillation is a process that involves separating and purifying the components of a mixture by heating and cooling. It is a physical separation technique used to separate components of a liquid mixture based ... Read More

What is Biodegradation Biodegradation is the process by which organic compounds are broken down into simpler, harmless substances by the action of microorganisms. In this process, organic compounds serve as a source of energy and nutrients for microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae’s. Biodegradation can occur naturally in the environment, or it can be enhanced by human intervention, such as the use of bioremediation techniques to clean up contaminated sites. The biodegradation process involves three main steps: enzymatic hydrolysis, oxidative degradation, and mineralization. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the process by which large organic molecules are broken down into smaller molecules ... Read More