Certainly, you must have used an antibiotic medication at least once during your life. One of the most widely used and significant classes of medications.Antibiotics are used to treat everything from severe ear infections or strep throat in children to burning UTIs or itching skin infections in adults. Some antibiotics are naturally produced by bacteria. Introduction In 1941, Selman Waksman coined the term "antibiotic" to refer to any little chemical produced by a bacterium that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms. The discovery of penicillin, which is made by a fungus, along with streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, which are made ... Read More

Introduction Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, development, and implementation of chemical processes to produce a range of products, including pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, food, fuel, and other chemical products. The field is highly interdisciplinary, combining elements of chemistry, physics, biology, and math to design and optimize chemical processes. The scope of chemical engineering is vast, covering all aspects of the chemical industry, including research and development, design and construction of chemical plants, and operation and management of chemical processes. This article enlightens on what chemical engineering is, its scope, and its importance in various ... Read More

Introduction Bioprocessing is a versatile process that uses living organisms, such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi, to produce a wide range of products. These products can be anything from food and beverages to pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. Bioprocessing has been gaining popularity in recent years due to its many benefits. In this article, we will explore the benefits of bioprocessing in detail. Environmentally Friendly One of the primary benefits of bioprocessing is that it is environmentally friendly. Unlike traditional manufacturing processes, bioprocessing uses natural resources to produce products. For example, the production of industrial chemicals through traditional methods requires ... Read More

Introduction Plant tissue culture is a valuable tool for plant propagation, conservation, and genetic improvement. It involves the cultivation of plant cells, tissues, and organs in vitro under sterile conditions. The technique was first developed in the 1950s and has since then revolutionized the field of plant biology. The ability to manipulate plants at the cellular level has paved the way for genetic engineering, plant breeding, and the production of high-value plant-based products. Plant tissue culture laboratories are specialized facilities designed to provide a controlled environment for the growth of plant tissue cultures. The content below lists the ... Read More

Introduction Paper chromatography is a powerful and simple separation technique that has been used for many years in the scientific community. This technique involves separating a mixture of different substances by their movement along a paper strip. The movement of the substances is due to the differences in their solubility in a given solvent. In this article, we will explore the principle, procedure, and applications of paper chromatography in detail. Principle of Paper Chromatography Paper chromatography is based on the principle of differential solubility. The stationary phase in this technique is a piece of filter paper, and the mobile ... Read More

Introduction Developmental biology is the study of how organisms grow and develop from the moment of fertilization to adulthood. It encompasses a wide range of biological processes, from the formation of a single cell to the formation of complex organisms with intricate organs and organ systems. This field of study is important because it provides insight into the mechanisms that control the development of an organism, which can be useful in understanding disease and designing therapies to treat them. The Beginnings of Life Developmental biology begins with the formation of the zygote, the single cell that results from the ... Read More

Introduction Biotechnology is a field of science that involves the use of living organisms, biological systems, and processes to develop new products and technologies. It has transformed the way we produce food, medicines, and industrial materials, and has opened up new opportunities for research and innovation. However, biotechnology also raises a range of social, legal, and ethical issues that need to be addressed. In this article, we will examine some of the key issues in biotechnology, and discuss their implications for society. Social Issues in Biotechnology One of the main social issues in biotechnology is access to its benefits. ... Read More

Introduction Bioprocess and biochemical engineering are two fields that are closely related, yet distinct in their scope and application. Bioprocess engineering involves the design and development of processes for the production of biological products, such as pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and enzymes. Biochemical engineering, on the other hand, focuses on the design and development of processes for the conversion of raw materials into biochemical products, such as biofuels, bio-based chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Both fields are critical to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly technologies that can meet the growing demand for bio-based products. In this article, we will provide a detailed ... Read More

Introduction Biotechnology is a rapidly evolving field that has been revolutionized by the advancement of analytical techniques. Analytical techniques are essential tools in biotechnology that are used to study the molecular structure, composition, and properties of biological samples. These techniques have been instrumental in the development of new drugs, the identification of disease biomarkers, and the discovery of new molecular targets for drug development. The content below emphasizes different analytical techniques used in biotechnology, their advantages, and limitations. Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology Mass Spectrometry Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that is used to determine the molecular weight and ... Read More

Introduction Bioinformatics is a rapidly growing field that has revolutionized our understanding of the biological world. It involves the integration of computational and statistical techniques with biology to analyse and interpret large and complex biological data. The field has made significant advances in recent years, thanks to the development of advanced techniques and applications in bioinformatics. In this article, we will discuss some of the advanced techniques and applications in bioinformatics, their importance, and how they are used in research and medical fields. We will also look at the future direction of bioinformatics and how it will shape ... Read More