Introduction The condition in which the air is contaminated by foreign substances interfering with the human welfare like agriculture and health also causes environment damage is called air pollution. There are many pollutants which shows adverse effects on agriculture. These include  Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide or Ammonia Hydrogen Sulfide As agriculture and some industries are well known for contributing the green-house emissions like methane and carbon dioxide, these lands are usually equipped with the air treatment technology systems. These air pollutants are also by-products of farm animal’s digestion process. Some of the emerging biological technologies which helps ... Read More

Introduction Isolation is a process of separating individual bacteria to study their morphology or for industrial purposes. The process of isolating and screening a microbe out of natural surroundings, such as soil, which has a substantial microbial population, is a costly and lengthy process. For instance, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., after screening 4, 00, 000 organisms, identified three main types of microbes that produce antibiotics over the course of ten years. Streaking is a method used in microbiology to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microbe, frequently a bacterium. In order to identify, research, or ... Read More

Introduction Primary metabolites are the first byproducts produced by a living organism during its growth. Secondary metabolites are metabolites that support a variety of biological processes but are not involved in cellular growth and maintenance. The primary metabolites are intimately involved in primary growth, development, and reproduction, whereas secondary metabolites are indirectly involved in metabolisms while carrying out essential ecological functions in the body. This is the main contrast between primary and secondary metabolites. Definition of Primary Metabolites A Primary metabolite is one that plays a key role in growth, development, and reproduction. It typically serves an organism's physiological ... Read More

Introduction Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by any life form, such as bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants. They are also known as bioactive molecules, toxins, secondary products, or natural products. Albrecht Kossel, who won the (1910) Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine, is known to have invented the phrase "secondary metabolite." A Polish botanist named Friedrich Czapek defined secondary metabolites as byproducts of nitrogen metabolism thirty years later. Secondary metabolites frequently mediate mutualistic interactions like pollination and resource sharing as well as antagonistic interactions like predation. Secondary metabolites are typically restricted to a single lineage or even species, although ... Read More

Introduction A metabolite is an intermediate or final result of metabolism in biochemistry. Small molecules that act in the catalytic activity on their own often as a cofactor to an enzyme, in defense, and interactions with other organisms are just a few of the many roles that metabolites play example- pigments, odorants, and pheromones. The intermediate products produced during metabolism are known as metabolites, and they are catalyzed by a variety of enzymes that naturally exist inside cells. Usually, tiny molecules are referred to as metabolites. Primary metabolites are produced as a result of the fundamental metabolic processes ... Read More

Introduction The only aspect of managing the fermentation process is strain improvement. It is the process of enhancing or selecting a phenotype in order to increase a microorganism's productivity. To put it another way, it involves getting a strain of microbes to create more of the metabolites or enzymes we want. In industries like the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chemicals, whole-cell biocatalysis, and bioremediation, microbial strain enhancement is applied. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering techniques can be used to improve strains. By making changes to the metabolic pathways of bacteria in order to accomplish a certain objective is ... Read More

Introduction Many different areas of the food industry, including dairy, baking, food processing and packaging, animal feed, fruit and vegetable juice, beverages, oil refinery, and confectionery, have found a use for microbial enzymes. Microorganisms are preferred sources for industrial enzymes because they are readily available and have a rapid rate of development. Microbial cells can easily undergo genetic modifications using recombinant DNA technology for increased enzyme output and scientific advancement. Role of Microbial Enzymes in Industries The use of commercial enzymes is more economical, and it is possible to genetically modify bacteria to create better and more stable enzymes ... Read More

Introduction A Branch of microbiology dealing with the study of bacteria is called bacteriology. Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. The beginning of bacteriology and the invention of the microscope happened simultaneously. The Dutch biologist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who reported certain animalcules, as they were then called, in water, saliva, and other fluids in 1683, is likely the first person to have observed microbes. They had been observed using a straightforward lens with a 100-150 diameter magnification. When virology was founded, there were no techniques for reproducing or observing viruses, and there were no specialized laboratory tests ... Read More

Microbial enzymes have so many uses in a wide range of industries (including the textile, leather, paper and pulp, research and development, pharmaceutical, agricultural, detergent, waste, and bio-refineries, as well as the photography and food industries), they are crucial to many industrial production processes. Introduction As enzymes are environmentally neutral and don't produce greenhouse gases or energy-intensive waste products, in many industrial production processes chemicals are replaced with enzymes. Microbial sources of enzyme production are the most preferred sources for industrial enzyme production because microbes are easily accessible, they grow at a very fast rate, and they can be genetically ... Read More

Introduction Simply, nutrigenomic defines how the diet acts on genes and changes gene expression which is commonly prominent in cancer like non-communicable diseases. The usage of food science in the selection, preservation, processing, packaging, and distribution, is known as food technology. Early studies in food technology were primarily concerned with food preservation and inventions like food canning, milk powder, freeze drying, etc., Our world has transformed and been tremendously impacted by advancements in food technology. Nutritional genomics is the most recent branch of science that examines the connection between genes, nutrition, and health. The application ... Read More