Introduction Metabolism is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the living organism through which food and drinks change into energy. These chemical reactions are controlled by specific proteins present in the body. To keep our bodies healthy and working several number of reactions takes place at the same time. Two types of activities are involved in metabolisms i.e., anabolism and catabolism. The building of body tissue and storing of energy is called anabolism. The process by which breaking down large molecules and producing energy is called catabolism. What is a Metabolic Pathway? The metabolic pathway is the series ... Read More

Introduction Living organisms undergo a series of chemical reactions called metabolism. Metabolic reactions help the growth and reproduction of organisms. Every chemical reaction from assimilation to transportation comes under metabolism. Metabolism includes the breaking of compounds that releases energy and the making of compounds that consumes energy. Several metabolic reactions together help the organism maintain its living state. Metabolic Basis for Living There are two types of chemical reactions involved in metabolism: catabolism and anabolism. Image Coming soon Catabolism The process of converting complex compounds into simpler compounds is called catabolism. Catabolic reactions generate power and elements required by anabolic ... Read More

Introduction Females take part actively in fertilization in humans, the male gamete which is known as sperm combines an egg or ovum from a female to form a zygote. Both the egg and sperm must undergo many steps to make fertilization successful. At this point, pregnancy begins and takes a 280-day journey to complete the development of the fetus. Females cannot carry a child or conceive once they reach menopause. When a woman's menstrual cycle is completely stopped then this condition is considered as menopause. In this tutorial, we will learn about menopause in depth. What is Menopause? The end ... Read More

Introduction Mendelian inheritance is a kind of biological inheritance that follows the theories first put forth by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, which were later rediscovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns and popularised by William Bateson. Mendel conducted a series of systematic experiments that examined 7 unique characteristics (for example, flower color, seed color, and seed shape) each with two distinct traits (e.g. white and purple flowers). For each trait, he produced true-breeding lines. For instance, a line of plants might only produce white flowers, whereas another might only produce purple flowers. He was curious ... Read More

Introduction Gene is a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. It is composed of DNA that carries genetic information, which translates proteins and hereditary characteristics from parents to their offspring. They can undergo mutations and produce faulty proteins, therefore, it leads to genetic disorders. The inheritance patterns in pea plants studied by Mendel are a strong foundation to understand singlegene disorders in humans. There are many genetic disorders developed from birth and few disorders can be acquired because of the changes in genes. For example, cancer can be caused by congenital genes or by mutation due to environmental factors. ... Read More

Introduction The pineal gland in the brain secretes melatonin, a hormone that is also present in some amount in the gut, eyes, and bone marrow. It assists the body in determining when to sleep and wake up. Because it can facilitate sleep, it's frequently referred to as the "sleep hormone." Melatonin is produced and released by the brain according to the time of day, rising in the dark and falling in the light. Light is processed by the retina, a layer of tissue within the eye, which then sends this energy to the pineal gland in the brain. Melatonin is ... Read More

Definition: Meiosis A single cell divides twice to create four daughter cells during a process called meiosis. As haploid cells, these offspring cells consist of half the chromosomes (DNA) as the parent cell. The gametes, or sex cells, are formed during meiosis (eggs- females and sperm- males). Flowering plants exhibits meiosis. The ovaries of the flower produce megaspore cells during meiosis. In the stamens, it produces microspore cells. Meiosis I and II are the two phases that complete the meiotic process. The initial cell divides into two cells by the time Meiosis I is complete. DNA is present in both ... Read More

Introduction Viruses are tiny unicellular organisms and they have DNA or RNA as genetic material. They cannot independently survive and they reproduce only by binding themselves to the cells. The proliferation of harmful viruses in the body is a viral infection. The symptoms of the viral illness are caused due to damage in the tissue of the host and their related immune response. Viral skin infections exhibit skin rashes or bumps. Measles is a dangerous and fatal viral illness, however, the death rate of this infection has fallen universally because children have undergone the measles vaccine. The reports of the ... Read More

Introduction The eradication of a species from the surface of the earth is known as extinction. It happens when a species goes extinct as a result of natural disasters or changes in its relatives' evolutionary processes. According to historical records, the Great Dying, or the longest extinction, took hold countless years ago. Nearly 90% of the species on this planet were affected by the event. Extinct animal species imply that there are no longer any living members of that species. Out of 96, 500 species, the IUCN estimates that more than 26, 500 are on the verge of extinction. It ... Read More

Introduction The population is the number of inhabitants living in a particular geographical area. In the present scenario, the population is the most discussed subject. The human population is ever-increasing day by day. The health, safety, and well-being of humans are a point of concern for all nations with respect to the increasing number. Managing growing populations with the available resources is a complicated task. The quality and quantity of food available for the present generation impact the health of future generations to some extent. There are many theories on the population among which Malthusian Theory is well known. History ... Read More