Introduction The two most important processes of dividing cell are mitosis and meiosis. Both mitosis and meiosis are associated with generating a new cell. The onion root tip is often named as one of the most important and proper root specimens. The presence of a meristematic cell is integrally associated with the specification of the mitosis procedure. Overall changes in chromosomes can be measured properly by analyzing a proper mitosis procedure. What is Mitosis? Each of the available living organisms is found to possess a basic unit that is known as a cell. Each cell is found to be divided ... Read More

Introduction Mostly two different types of plants are generally seen such as flowering as well as nonflowering. Angiosperms refer to flowering plants and the non-flowering plants are called gymnosperms. Angiosperms can be divided into two different groups in terms of their cotyledons number such as monocotyledonous as well as dicotyledonous. What are Dicot and Monocot Roots and Stems? Monocot Root and Stems Dicot Root and Stems The vascular bundle of the monocot stems are mostly scattered. In dicot stems vascular bundle is mostly seen in the circular arrangement. In terms of monocot, the bundles ... Read More

Introduction The procedure of giving birth to a baby as well as the placenta from uterus through vagina is known as parturition. This phase is mainly seen between the labour to the process of delivery. Parturition takes place around 38 weeks after completing fertilization. During this process, the lactation process starts. What are Parturition and Lactation? After gestation, the procedure is completed with the help of an embryo that takes more than 270 days for the procedure of baby birth. At the time of giving birth to a newborn baby, there are some contractions that are powerful in the muscles ... Read More

Introduction Skin is one of the sense organs of our body. The skin is a protective barrier that covers our entire body. The skin acts as a protective, excretive, and absorptive organ. Apart from this, it regulates body temperature. Sometimes the skin is affected by a wide variety of germs like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Some infections in the skin require immediate medical attention. Ringworm is one of the most familiar infections of the skin caused by fungus. What is a ringworm? Ringworm is one of the most familiar infections of the skin as well as nails caused by ... Read More

Introduction Viruses are ubiquitous infectious agents containing genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. Genetic material is either DNA or RNA. Retroviruses contain RNA as the genetic material and are grouped under the family Retroviridae. Retroviruses have become the subject of interest with the discovery of the enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Its discovery by Temin and Baltimore has led to the identification of a new family of viruses “Retroviridae” that was not known till then. Retroviruses have distinguishing characteristics that mark them different from other viruses. They are known to cause infections, cancers, and inflammatory diseases in humans. What is ... Read More

Introduction The respiratory system is one of the major biological systems which helps in the breathing process. The respiratory system helps in gaseous exchange along with the removal of waste from the blood. To check the condition of the respiratory system we should understand some parameters related to the lungs. These parameters are nothing but respiratory capacity and lung volumes. What is Respiratory System ? A respiratory system is a group of organs involved in breathing by exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. The respiratory system involves many parts of the body including the nose, mouth, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs, ... Read More

Introduction The basic requirements for the origin of life were created by the formation of the earth and its initial environment. These provided the initial raw material and the essential conditions that were needed to interact together and to form organic molecules that favour life. It was believed that our universe came into existence some 15 billion years ago with a big bang that was a thermonuclear expansion of a huge entity. Scientists believe that our solar system came into existence around 4-5 billion years ago and that the planets were formed by the spinning cloud of cosmic dust and ... Read More

Introduction The most prominent symptom of a migraine, a common neurological condition, is a palpitation headache on one part of the brain. Physical exertion, bright lights, loud noises, or strong smells will probably make your migraine worse. It could endure for days or at least four hours. 12% of Americans are thought to have this hereditary disease. It is the sixth most incapacitating disease in the world, according to research. What is Migraine ? The brain and tissues around have been linked to a mysterious neurological disease called migraine. The trigeminovascular system and the cerebral cortex play key roles in ... Read More

Introduction Different processes take place inside the body for proper functioning. As a result of various processes happening inside our body, metabolic wastes will be produced and are needed to be removed. Excretion helps in the removal of unwanted substances from our bodies. The kidney is considered to be the primary excretory organ. Its main function is to filter the blood and remove excretory products, especially urea in the form of urine. A pair of ureters come out from each kidney that transports urine to the urinary bladder. From the urinary bladder, the urethra arises helping the bladder to expel ... Read More

What are Microfilaments ? Fibers found in the cytoplasm of cells support cell shape and mobility as well as likely serve as anchoring sites for other cellular structures. These fibers are referred to as the cytoskeleton when grouped. Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules are the 3 kinds of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton, with microfilaments being the smallest. Actin, the utmost prevalent protein in the majority of animal cells, is a component of microfilaments also called actin filaments. Actin protein subunits that make up the microfilaments are tiny (7 nm) molecules that polymerize to create elongated actin filaments which ... Read More