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R Programming Articles
Page 128 of 174
How to display numbers with decimal in R data frame column?
To display numbers with decimal in R data frame column, we can use format function with round function and nsmall argument.For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains an integer column say X then we can display numbers in X with 2 decimal places by using the below command −df$X
Read MoreChange the decimal point of every value in an R data frame column.
To change the decimal point of every value in an R data frame column, we can use round function.For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a column say X and we want to have each value with 3 decimal places then we can use the below command −df$X
Read MoreWhy Output of mean of normal random variable created using rnorm equals to 10 is not 10 in manual calculation with R?
When we find the mean of normal random variable which is created with rnorm(“sample_size”, 10) is not 10 because rnorm will create a random variable hence mean will be changed but as we increase the sample size the mean will become closer to 10.Check out the Examples given below to understand the variation in the Outputs as the sample size increases.ExampleThe variation in the Outputs of mean of normal random variable created by using rnorm as the sample size increases is explained below −mean(rnorm(100, mean=10)) mean(rnorm(100, mean=10)) mean(rnorm(100, mean=10)) mean(rnorm(100, mean=10)) mean(rnorm(100, mean=10)) mean(rnorm(100, mean=10)) mean(rnorm(100, mean=10)) mean(rnorm(1000, mean=10)) mean(rnorm(1000, ...
Read MoreFind the missing numbers in a sequence in R data frame column.
To find the missing numbers in a sequence in R data frame column, we can use setdiff function.For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a column say X and we want to check which values between 1 to 20 are missing in this column then we can use the below command −setdiff(1:20,df$X)Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to extract columns having at least one non-duplicate in R?
To extract columns from an R data frame having at least one non-duplicate, we can use Filter function.For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains some columns having duplicate values and columns that do not contains at least one non-duplicate then we can extract columns having at least one non-duplicate by using the below command −Filter(var,df)Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x1
Read MoreCreate bar plot for grouped data of two columns in base R.
To create bar plot for grouped data in base R, we can create the table for both the columns and then use beside argument of barplot function to create the bar plot. To differentiate between the bars, we need to set legend argument to TRUE as well. To understand how it can be done check out the below Example.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −G
Read MoreGet a matrix as Output if a condition for a single value is met in R.
If we want to check a condition and the Output based on that condition needs to be a matrix then we can use if else function in R.For Example, if we have a value say V = 5 and we want to get matrix M1 if V is equal to 5 and matrix M2 if V is not equal to 5 then we can use the below command −if (V == 5) M1 else M2ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample matrices −M1
Read MoreHow to create normal probability plot in R with confidence interval bands?
To create normal probability plot in R with confidence interval bands, we can use qqPlot function of QTLRel package. We simply need to pass the vector name that contains normal distribution values inside qqPlot function or directly introduce the vector inside the function as shown in the below given examples.Example 1Use the following code to create normal probability plot −library("QTLRel") qqPlot(rnorm(10))OutputIf you execute the above given snippet, it generates the following Output −Example 2Add the following code to the above snippet to create normal probability plot −qqPlot(rnorm(500)) OutputIf you execute the above given snippet, it generates the following Output −Example ...
Read MoreCreate a matrix for odd number of elements by filling the last element with NA in R.
We can find the total number of elements for a matrix with the help of prod and dim function as shown in the below Examples. To create a matrix for odd number of elements by filling the last element with NA, we can use byrow argument.For Example, if we have a vector called V that contains 19 elements then we can create a matrix called M having 20 elements NA as the last element by using the below command −M
Read MoreHow to create an ID column in R based on categories?
If we have a categorical column in an R data frame then it can be used to create an ID column where each category will have its own ID defined on the basis of categories in the categorical column.For this purpose, we would need to read the categorical column with as.factor and as.numeric function as shown in the below examples.Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −Group
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