The __sizeof__() method and the getsizeof() method both are used to get the size of the objects used in the program. The getsizeof() method returns an additional overhead for garbage collection along with each element size of the list. The __sizeof__() method returns the actual size of the object without any overhead. In this article, we will see how we can differentiate these operators in Python. __sizeof__() operator getsizeof() The __sizeof__() operator returns the size of the object without any extra overhead for garbage collection. The getsizeof() operator returns the size of the object with extra ... Read More

The __eq__, ‘is’ and == operators in Python are used to compare the equality of objects in Python. The __eq__ method checks for the equality of objects of the same class or if we want to make a custom comparison function. The ‘is’ operator checks for the memory location of the two objects whereas the == operator checks only the value of the two objects being compared. In this article, we will discuss the difference between the three operators and their uses. Method Functionality Syntax __eq__ Checks for equality of objects values between two objects of ... Read More

The != operator checks if the value of both the objects being compared have the same value or not. On the other hand “is not” operator checks if both the objects being compared are not pointing to the same reference. If the objects being compared are not pointing to the same reference then the “is not” operator returns true otherwise false. In this article, we will discuss how != and “is not” operators are used and what are the differences between them. != operator “Is not” operator The != operator compares only the value of the ... Read More

Matplotlib in Python has various functions like read_csv, sort_values, group_by, etc to perform sales data analysis. Every online business which is involved in product sales of any type uses product sales data analysis to increase their sales and know their customers better. Any company which is involved in any type of e-commerce business uses its sales and customer data to identify trends, patterns, and insights that can be used to improve sales and revenue. The sales data can be used to determine which product has the highest traction, which festive season has the highest demand, and many other trends which ... Read More

Pytorch is an open-source machine learning framework that is widely used to create machine learning models and provides various functions to create neural networks. The activation function is a key component of neural networks. The activation function determines the output of a node in the neural network given an input or set of inputs to the node. The activation function introduces non-linearity in the output of a node of the neural network which is necessary for solving complex machine-learning problems. What is an Activation Function ? Neural networks in artificial intelligence consist of an input layer, a hidden layer, and ... Read More

Action chains in selenium python are the execution of multiple browser actions together in sequence. Selenium is a popular open-source automation testing tool used to test web applications and automate browser actions. Selenium can chain multiple browser actions together and this chaining of multiple actions is known as Action chains. In this article, we will discuss what action chains are in selenium python and how to use action chains to automate our web testing. What are Action Chains in Selenium Python? Action chains are a sequence of actions that are performed in a specific order on a web page to ... Read More

Accessor and mutator methods in Python are used to access the private data of a class which cannot be accessed from outside the class. In object oriented programming the class object data is encapsulated i.e the object data is kept private and cannot be accessed from outside the object. The access to these private data from outside the object is provided using the Accessor and mutator method in python. These methods are also known as getter and setter methods in python. In this article we will understand Accessor and mutator methods with help of examples. Accessor Methods Accessor method ... Read More

Numpy is a python library used for scientific and mathematical computations. Numpy provides functionality to work with one dimensional arrays and multidimensional arrays. Multidimensional arrays consist of multiple rows and columns. Numpy provides multiple built in functions to interact with multidimensional arrays. In this article we will explore how to access data along multiple dimensions arrays in python numpy. Creating Multidimensional Array in Python Numpy To create a multidimensional array in python we need to pass a list of lists to numpy.array() method of numpy. The list will contain multiple lists each of which represents the rows of the ... Read More

Access modifiers are used by object oriented programming languages like C++, java, python etc. to restrict the access of the class member variable and methods from outside the class. Encapsulation is an OOPs principle which protects the internal data of the class using Access modifiers like Public, Private and Protected. Python supports three types of access modifiers which are public, private and protected. These access modifiers provide restrictions on the access of member variables and methods of the class from any object outside the class. Public Access Modifier By default the member variables and methods are public which means they ... Read More

We can access the metadata of audio files using Mutagen and the eyeD3 module in Python. For video metadata, we can use movies and the OpenCV library in Python. Metadata is the data that provides information about other data like audio and video data. Metadata of audio and video files include the format of the file, resolution of the file, file size, duration, bit rate, etc. By accessing these metadata we can manage the media more efficiently as well as analyze the metadata to get some useful information. In this article, we will look at some of the libraries or ... Read More