FM stands for Frequency Modulation, a technique used in communication systems for long distance transmission of data and information. The frequency modulation involves the alteration in the frequency of the signal so that it can be transmitted over long distances without any distortion of the information. In this tutorial, I am going to explain how to generate narrowband and wideband FM signal using MATLAB. Before going to learn about generating narrowband and wideband FM signals, let us first get an overview of FM signal and its types. What is an FM Signal? An FM signal is a modulated signal which ... Read More

As we know, MATLAB is a powerful tool that can be used to perform various operations on matrices. One such operation is finding the percentage of similarity between two matrices. Finding percentage of similarity between two matrices is crucial in various application such as digital image processing, data analysis, machine learning, and more. This tutorial will help you understand the step-by-step process of finding the percentage of similarity between two matrices using MATLAB. What is Percentage of Similarity Between Two Matrices? The measure that shows how closely two matrices are related in some aspect is called "similarity between two matrices". ... Read More

In a binary image, the interior and exterior skeletons are used to represent the essential structure of the objects and shaped within the image. In this article, I am going explain the process of finding the interior and exterior skeleton of binary image using MATLAB. Before discussing the process of finding the interior and exterior skeletons of a binary image. let us first get an overview of these two types of skeletons. What is the Interior Skeleton of Binary Image? In a binary image, the "interior skeleton" represents the centerline of the foreground objects. It is basically a thin representation ... Read More

We can use MATLAB to create a partially colored gray image, which we will discuss in this tutorial. But before that, let us first get an overview of what a partially colored gray image is used for. What is a Partially Colored Gray Image? A digital image in which some parts or objects are colored while the rest parts are in gray scale is called a partially colored gray image. In simple terms, a digital image which combines both color and gray scale objects in a single image area is called a partially colored gray image. Partially colored gray images ... Read More

In digital image processing, histogram equalization is a common method of improving the visual quality of a digital image. We can perform histogram equalization of a digital image using MATLAB. We have a built-in function "histeq" in MATLAB to perform this task. However, we can also perform histogram equalization without using the MATLAB’s "histeq" function. In this tutorial, I will show you the process of histogram equalization without using "histeq" function in MATLAB. But before that let’s get an overview of histogram and histogram equalization in digital image processing. What is a Histogram and Histogram Equalization? In digital image processing, ... Read More

In interpolation, filtering after upsampling is an important step to avoid the aliasing and reconstruction of a filtered signal. In MATLAB, there are various built-in functions that can be used to perform filtering after upsampling in interpolation. Before discussing the process of filtering after upsampling, let us first know about filtering and upsampling in interpolation. What are Upsampling and Filtering in Interpolation? In interpolation, upsampling and filtering are two crucial processes used to increase the number of samples in a signal. Upsampling is a process of adding zeros between the existing samples of the signal. It increases the sample ... Read More

In digital images, the gaussian noise is a type of noise that follows a normal or Gaussian distribution. In a digital image, the gaussian noise is visualized as a random variation in pixel intensities. The estimation of gaussian noise is one of the important tasks in digital image processing utilized to perform various operations such as denoising, image restoration, and more. Methods of Estimating Gaussian Noise in Digital Image We can estimate the Gaussian noise in a digital image using various methods. The following are some commonly used methods for estimating the gaussian noise. Standard Deviation Method Histogram Analysis ... Read More

In this article, we will learn about Mex and will also generate the C++ code that returns the kth index of the series so formed by using append and MEX (>0) operations on the given sequence. The roadmap of the operations to be performed is given below − Start with a sequence containing only the number 1 i.e, [1]. Now, we need to perform (n-1) steps − In each step, we append the current series by itself. For example, if the existing series is [1, 2, 3], after appending, it becomes [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]. Now, find ... Read More

This this article, we will discuss the different approaches to calculate the sum of the given series. Problem Statement We are given a number and our task is to calculate the sum of the series Σ (n / i) for I =0 to i=n. We are given any given value of n where n can be any number less than 10^12 considering on integer division. For example, if the given input is 10, The sum of given series can be written as (10/1) + (10/2) + (10/3) + (10/4) + (10/5) + (10/6) + (10/7) + (10/8) + ... Read More

In digital image processing, denoising is a process of reducing or removing the unwanted noise from a digital image. The primary objective of this process is to enhance the visual quality of an image. Before discussing the different denoising techniques in digital image processing, let us first get an overview of the basics of denoising. What is Denoising in Digital Image Processing? In a digital image, any kind of variation that is unwanted is termed as noise. Noise in a digital image can occur due to different reasons such as environmental conditions, hardware malfunctioning, transmission errors, etc. The process of ... Read More