The number of disconnected subgraphs created by the remaining vertices in a graph following the removal of Q specified vertices is represented by the count of connected components. There are no edges linking the various components; instead, each connected component is made up of a collection of vertices connected by edges. Some vertices may become isolated as a result of the removal of the Q vertices, causing connections to fall apart and new components to form. The approach seeks to ascertain how many disconnected subgraphs there will ultimately be. Numerous applications, including network analysis, social network studies, and optimisation methods, ... Read More

Analyse the connectedness of each edge in the Graph to locate edges whose removal won't break the Graph. We can identify which edges are essential for preserving connectivity between nodes by methodically examining the effect of eliminating individual edges. "Bridge edges" or "critical edges" are edges that, when eliminated, nonetheless leave the Graph connected. These edges are essential for maintaining the general structure of the Graph and avoiding disconnection. To ensure system robustness and effective communication, such edges must be identified in network analysis, transportation planning, and infrastructure design. Methods Used Tarjan's Algorithm Kruskal's Algorithm Tarjan's Algorithm In ... Read More

We can use the following technique to find the cheapest way to multiply X or right−rotate its digits from 1 to N. To monitor the initial lowest cost, create a cost variable. Check to see if N is evenly divided by X at each stage as you progress from N to 1. If so, divide N by X to update it and carry on with the process. Rotate N's digits to the right to increase its value if it is not divisible by X. Increase the cost variable in this situation. The ultimate cost variable value will be the least ... Read More

In this topic, we seek the relationally constrained lexicographically minimal permutation of numbers from 1 to N. The relation describes the relative order of certain of the permutation's components. We ensure that the resulting permutation is the least possible when comparing lexicographically by carefully organising the numbers based on this relation. In order to achieve the lowest feasible arrangement of the numbers, the best sequence must be found that both meets the relation restrictions and does so. To efficiently produce the intended outcome, the procedure entails thorough analysis and element selection. Methods Used Greedy Approach Backtracking Greedy Approach ... Read More

Graphs are used in different disciplines. They are utilised in biology to represent gene interactions, in transportation for route optimisation, and in social networks for user connection analysis. The visual representation of intricate relationships and the capacity to see patterns and trends are two benefits of graphs. However, dealing with large datasets can make graphs bulky and difficult to understand. Additionally, creating graphs can take time and necessitate knowledge. Despite these drawbacks, graphs continue to be an effective tool for data analysis and decision−making across a range of disciplines. Methods Used Set Representation Linked Representation Sequential Representaion Set ... Read More

Diverse domains, including CS, social networks, and logistics, use directed graphs, also known as digraphs. Arrows indicating the direction of links serve to depict the interconnections between the various components. They have the ability to represent intricate connections, handle data quickly, and facilitate pathfinding algorithms. Their drawbacks, however, include the potential for analysis complexity, the challenge of visualising vast graphs, and the requirement for cautious treatment of cyclic structures. Despite these drawbacks, directed graphs continue to be fundamental tools for comprehending, evaluating, and enhancing interconnected systems in a variety of real−world contexts. Methods Used Topological Sorting Strongly Connected Components ... Read More

The number of nodes that may be reached from any particular node in a graph is called as the count of nodes accessible from all other nodes in the graph. It shows the degree of reachability and connectivity inside the graph. We start at each node and investigate all accessible routes to other nodes in order to get this count.The nodes we can access are recorded as we move across the graph. The count of reachable nodes in the graph includes all nodes that can be reached. This is vital for understanding network relationships and information flow efficiency. Methods Used ... Read More

The CMY and CMYK color models are subtractive color models used in printing and graphic design. In Python, we can work with these color models using various libraries and tools. Let's see each color model in detail. CMY color model The CMY color model, also known as the subtractive color model, which is a system used for mixing colors in various applications like printing, painting, and graphic design. CMY stands for Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow, which are the primary colors in this model. In the CMY color model, colors are created by subtracting different amounts of cyan, magenta, and yellow ... Read More

A regular expression is also referred as regex, which is a sequence of characters that forms a search pattern. It's one of the powerful tools used for pattern matching and manipulating strings. In python we are having a module called re which helps to form a regular expression. Regex patterns consist of ordinary characters such as letters, digits and special characters called metacharacters. Meta Characters have special meanings and allow us to define complex search patterns. The below are some commonly used meta characters in python regular expressions. . (dot) − Matches any single character except a newline. ^ ... Read More

Seaborn provides several built-in figure styles that we can choose from to enhance the visual appearance of our plots. These styles affect various elements such as colors, grid lines, background, and fonts. To set the figure style in Seaborn, we can use the sns.set_style() function. The following are the available figure styles in Seaborn library. Darkgrid − This style features a dark gray background with grid lines, which helps in focusing attention on the data points. Whitegrid − This style is similar to "darkgrid" but with a white background, making it suitable for plots with lighter color schemes. Dark ... Read More