There are following logical operators supported by Perl language. Assume variable $a holds true and variable $b holds false then −Sr.No.Operator & Description1andCalled Logical AND operator. If both the operands are true then the condition becomes true.Example− ($a and $b) is false. 2&&C-style Logical AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operandsExample− ($a && $b) is false.3orCalled Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non zero then condition becomes true.Example− ($a or $b) is true.4||C-style Logical OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.p>Example− ($a || $b) is true.5notCalled ... Read More

Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit by bit operation. Assume if $a = 60; and $b = 13; Now in binary format they will be as follows −$a = 0011 1100 $b = 0000 1101 ----------------- $a&$b = 0000 1100 $a|$b = 0011 1101 $a^$b = 0011 0001 ~$a = 1100 0011There are following Bitwise operators supported by Perl language, assume if $a = 60; and $b = 13Sr.No.Operator & Description1&Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.Example− ($a & $b) will give 12 which is 0000 11002|Binary OR Operator copies ... Read More

Assume variable $a holds 10 and variable $b holds 20, then below are the assignment operators available in Perl and their usage −Sr.No.Operator & Description1=Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operandExample−$c = $a + $b will assigned value of $a + $b into $c2+=Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operandExample−$c += $a is equivalent to $c = $c + $a.3-=Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to left operandExample−$c -= $a is equivalent ... Read More

These are also called relational operators in Perl. Assume variable $a holds 10 and variable $b holds 20 then, let's check the following numeric equality operators available in Perl −Sr.No.Operator & Description1== (equal to)Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.Example− ($a == $b) is not true.2!= (not equal to)Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then the condition becomes true.Example− ($a != $b) is true.3Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, and returns -1, 0, or 1 ... Read More

Assume variable $a holds 10 and variable $b holds 20, then following are the Perl arithmetic operators −Sr.No.Operator & Description1+ ( Addition )Adds values on either side of the operatorExample− $a + $b will give 302- (Subtraction)Subtracts right-hand operand from the left-hand operandExample− $a - $b will give -103* (Multiplication)Multiplies values on either side of the operatorExample− $a * $b will give 2004/ (Division)Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operandExample− $b / $a will give 25% (Modulus)Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand and returns the remainderExample− $b % $a will give 06** (Exponent)Performs exponential (power) calculation on operatorsExample− $a**$b will give ... Read More

A loop becomes an infinite loop if a condition never becomes false. The for loop is traditionally used for this purpose. Since none of the three expressions that form the loop are required, in Perl, you can make an endless loop by leaving the conditional expression empty.#!/usr/local/bin/perl for( ; ; ) {    printf "This loop will run forever."; }You can terminate the above infinite loop by pressing the Ctrl + C keys.When the conditional expression is absent, it is assumed to be true. You may have an initialization and increment expression, but as a programmer more commonly use the ... Read More

Loop control statements change the execution from its normal sequence. When execution leaves a scope, all automatic objects that were created in that scope are destroyed.Perl supports the following control statements. Click the following links to check their detail.Sr.No.Control Statement & Description1next statementIt causes the loop to skip the remainder of its body and immediately retest its condition prior to reiterating.2last statementTerminates the loop statement and transfers execution to the statement immediately following the loop.3continue statementA continue BLOCK, it is always executed just before the conditional is about to be evaluated again.4redo statementThe redo command restarts the loop block without ... Read More

Let's check the conditional operator? : in Perl which can be used to replace if...else statements. It has the following general form −SyntaxExp1 ? Exp2 : Exp3;Where Exp1, Exp2, and Exp3 are expressions. Notice the use and placement of the colon.The value of a? expression is determined like this: Exp1 is evaluated. If it is true, then Exp2 is evaluated and becomes the value of the entire? expression. If Exp1 is false, then Exp3 is evaluated and its value becomes the value of the expression. Below is a simple example making use of this operator −Example Live Demo#!/usr/local/bin/perl $name = "Ali"; ... Read More

Adding a new key/value pair in a Perl hash can be done with one line of code using a simple assignment operator. But to remove an element from the hash you need to use delete function as shown below in the example −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl %data = ('John Paul' => 45, 'Lisa' => 30, 'Kumar' => 40); @keys = keys %data; $size = @keys; print "1 - Hash size: is $size"; # adding an element to the hash; $data{'Ali'} = 55; @keys = keys %data; $size = @keys; print "2 - Hash size: is $size"; # delete the same ... Read More

You can get the size - that is, the number of elements from a hash in Perl by using the scalar context on either keys or values. Simply saying first you have to get an array of either the keys or values and then you can get the size of the array as follows −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl %data = ('John Paul' => 45, 'Lisa' => 30, 'Kumar' => 40); @keys = keys %data; $size = @keys; print "1 - Hash size: is $size"; @values = values %data; $size = @values; print "2 - Hash size: is $size";OutputThis will produce the following ... Read More